NEWSWIRE: The soaking of the Southwest continues, plus a lot more — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org)

The La Plata Mountains in full autumnal splendor. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

Jonathan posted this on BlueSky after the publication of the article below:

San Juan River downstream from Bluff hit 14,800 cfs last night, it's highest level since 2013. More rain coming today. This will boost Lake Powell's levels and give rafters a pretty fast ride! nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/ut/nwis/peak…

— Jonathan Thompson at the Land Desk (@landdesk.bsky.social) 2026-10-22T13:51:00.840Z

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website:

October 14, 2026

โ›ˆ๏ธ WACKY WEATHER WATCHโšก๏ธ

Welcome to another totally human-curated (and a bit late) edition of the Land Deskโ€™s Newswire, a weekly compendium of important news happening around the Four Corners Country and beyond. Once again, the big news is the weird weather, which includes soaking rain, snow, big rivers, and even a tornado.

The Paria River where it meets the Colorado swelled up to about 2,000 cubic feet per second two days ago, and had I stuck around Lees Ferry for an hour or so longer I might have witnessed it. Instead, I headed south and east under a constant gray sky and passing through squalls on the way.

โ€œForrest Gump Hillโ€ in Monument Valley, the place to where people travel from far far away to take a photo of themselves in the middle of the road, was as crowded โ€” and hazardous โ€” as ever. The buttes and bluffs near Montezuma and Aneth were carpeted with such green that I was disoriented, and in McElmo Canyon, where it looks like farmers will easily get another cutting of hay, the vibe was much more August monsoon than October storm.

The landscape around Aneth, Utah, is unusually verdant this October. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.
  • Tropical Storm Rachel has brought significant moisture to a big swath of the Southwest and beyond over the last few days. Observers with the CoCoRaHSnetwork reported 24-hour rainfall totals of as much as two inches (in the Hermosa area north of Durango), bringing the Animas River through Durango up to 2,380 cubic feet per second and rising, as of noon on Oct. 14. A bit to the east of there, the Piedra River near Arboles shot up to 2,190 cfs, and Vallecito Creek has topped 1,000 cfs as I write this around noon on Oct. 14.
  • As of the morning of Oct. 14, very wet, slushy snow โ€” or, as the Germans call it, Schneeregen โ€” was falling on Dove Creek, Colorado, elevation 6,800 feet. It wasnโ€™t sticking there, yet, but folks in Silverton (9,318 feet) woke up to a dusting on the ground, marking the first SNOTEL station-detected snowpack in the Animas River watershed (a .6โ€ snow water equivalent).
  • Southwest Colorado residents reported a tornado between Tiffany and Allison, near the New Mexico border on the afternoon of Oct. 13. One Facebook poster said it hit her dadโ€™s property and damaged outbuildings, while others reported that it took out barns, ripped up fencing, and uprooted trees.
  • Social media posts show that thereโ€™s enough snow on Grand Mesa in western Colorado for some ski touring.
  • SNOTEL stations on the Upper Colorado River Basin are showing well above normal precipitation accumulation for the first two weeks of Water Year 2027.

And in other weather and climate related news โ€ฆ

The heat has once again taken its toll in the Phoenix area. The cityโ€™s fire department recorded 1,744 heat-related calls โ€” significantly more than last year โ€” between May 1 and Aug. 31, including 98 rescues from mountain trails and 14 patients that had to be hoisted by helicopter. Maricopa County has recorded 389 confirmed heat-related fatalities this summer, with another 383 under investigation. (ABC15, Maricopa County)

๐Ÿ›ข๏ธ FOSSIL FUEL FOLLIES ๐Ÿ“ˆ

  • The Bureau of Land Management moves ahead with plans to lease 113 parcels covering 126,440 acres of public land in Colorado for oil and gas drilling, despite widespread opposition. Among the land to be on the auction block in December are 5,000 acres on the Roan Plateau and several parcels in the HD Mountains and near Chimney Rock National Monument just north of the Southern Ute Indian Reservation in southwestern Colorado. The protest period ends on Nov. 8. (Aspen Daily News, BLM)
  • A New Mexico advocate laments Permian Basin oil and gas drillingโ€™s effects on residents, the landscape, and the Pecos River, calling it a โ€œbeautiful river in the middle of a hellscape.โ€ (Capital & Main)
  • An analysis finds Arizona utility Salt River Project customers could pay up to eight times more to operate the Craig coal plant under the Trump administrationโ€™s emergency orders than for solar-plus-storage resources. The plant was scheduled to shut down at the end of last year. (Energy & Policy Institute)
  • A coalition of environmental groups files a lawsuit seeking to block the Bureau of Land Managementโ€™s approval of a road construction project, aka hydrocarbon highway, in Gate Canyon in eastern Utah designed to expedite oil-hauling in the Uinta Basin. Gate Canyon feeds into the culturally significant Nine Mile Canyon. (SUWA, BLM)
๐ŸŒต PUBLIC LANDS ๐ŸŒฒ
  • A federal court temporarily blocks the Trump administrationโ€™s plans to reorganize โ€” some would say dismantle โ€” the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which included moving the Forest Service headquarters to Salt Lake City and shuttering multiple research facilities. โ€œThese forced moves were never about efficiency. They were about pushing experienced people out the door,โ€ said American Federation of Government Employees President Everett Kelley in a statement. (Politico)
  • U.S. Rep. Paul Gosar (R-Ariz.) introduces legislation that would require congressional approval for federal land withdrawals of more than 5,000 acres, including for presidential designations of national monuments under the Antiquities Act. (Navajo-Hopi Observer)
๐Ÿฆซ WILDLIFE WATCH ๐Ÿฆ…
  • The Preregrine Fund releases four more California condors into the wild at Marble Canyon in northern Arizona, bringing the areaโ€™s flock of the endangered birds up to 96. (Arizona Republic)
Condor X8, a female hatched in 2018, sits on a Navajo Bridge beam which spans Marble Canyon in northern Arizona. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.
  • Wyoming wildlife officials say 14% of the Sublette Pronghorn Herd died over six weeks this summer, and attribute the unusually high mortality rate to malnutrition resulting from drought-parched forage. (WyoFile)

๐Ÿ›ป TRANSPORTATION ๐Ÿš‚

  • Len Necefer goes deep on the electric vehicle charging network โ€” or lack thereof โ€” on tribal nationsโ€™ land in Arizona. (All At Once by Dr. Len)

๐Ÿค‘ GENTRIFICATION JOURNAL๐Ÿ’ฐ

  • Sublette County, Wyomingโ€™s commissioners vote to eliminate a 2021 zoning change that cleared the way for billionaire Joe Rickettโ€™s proposed upscale resort in the Upper Hoback River area. (WyoFile)

๐ŸŒจ๏ธ๐Ÿฆฆ๐Ÿšฃ๐Ÿฝ WATER WATCH ๐ŸŒŠ

  • Rural Arizonans in the Prescott area are forced to haul water as regional population growth and aridification draw down groundwater levels and dry out wells. (Cronkite News)

โ›๏ธ MINING MONITOR โ›๏ธ

  • The Navajo Nationโ€™s Coppermine Chapter passes a resolution โ€œunequivocallyโ€ opposing Chakana Copperโ€™s proposed Copper Mesa Project in a historically mined area near Page, Arizona; mining company executives say they wonโ€™t go forward unless the project is โ€œwholeheartedly endorsed by the community.โ€ (KJZZ, Essential Minerals)
  • Hillsboro, New Mexico, residents push back on New Mexico Copperโ€™s proposed Copper Flat mining project near the small community, with water consumption topping their list of concerns. (Searchlight New Mexico, New Mexico Copper)

๐Ÿ”ญ OVERSIGHT (or lack thereof) ๐Ÿ‘ฎ๐Ÿผ

  • Journalist and clean energy advocate Bill McKibben delves into the Bipartisan American Affordability and Jobs Act, or permitting reform legislation, thoroughly exploring arguments for and agains. Though he is conflicted, and agrees on many points with proponents of the bill, he ultimately comes down in opposition to the legislation because it weakens bedrock environmental laws and would benefit fossil fuels. (The Crucial Years)
  • An 18-year Interior Department veteran resigns to protest the Trump administrationโ€™s โ€œdeeply troubling assault on the rule of lawโ€ and its efforts to weaken or eviscerate environmental protections to benefit the fossil fuel industries. (Public Domain)
An outtake from John Murdockโ€™s resignation letter from the Department of the Interior. Source: Public Domain.
  • Leaked data show the Interior Department has lost nearly 10,000 permanent staffers since the Trump administration took office, with the Bureau of Land Management staff down by 45% since 2024. (Wes Silerโ€™s Newsletter)
๐Ÿ“Š ECONOMIC INDICATORS ๐Ÿ’ธ
  • Page, Arizonaโ€™s economy shows signs of a shift as the lodging, retail, restaurant, and grocery sectors fade while the construction, remote seller, amusements, and commercial leasing areas surge. (Choose Page)
๐Ÿค– DATA CENTER DIGEST ๐Ÿ‘พ
  • An analysis finds about 100 data centers have driven nearly all of the increased demand on Arizona Public Serviceโ€™s power grid, and the utility is charging its entire customer base to purchase outside power to meet the growing load, prompting state Attorney General Kris Mayes to call for an investigation. (KJZZ, Abhay Padgaonkar)
  • Arizona data show that the stateโ€™s sales and use tax exemption for data centersโ€™ computer equipment cost the state $38.5 million in fiscal year 2025, up from $19.4 million in 2024. (Good Jobs First)
  • Federal data show proposals for grid-connected gas-fired power plants have nearly tripled over the last three years, largely due to data center-driven electricity demand growth. At least 12 of the facilities in the planning pipeline are in the Western U.S. (Environment America)
  • Oracle considers trucking natural gas to its Project Jupiter data center complexunder construction in southern New Mexico after the state denied its proposed gas pipeline, prompting Energy Transfer LP to reroute it. Oracle also trucks gas to one of its data centers in Salt Lake City, adding to the facilityโ€™s environmental impacts. (Searchlight New Mexico)
๐ŸŒž GOOD NEWS! ๐Ÿ˜Ž
  • The MacArthur Foundation awards Chip Thomas, aka Jetsonorama, a genius grant for his large-scale murals with social justice themes that can be found across the Southwest and on the Navajo Nation. (NPR)
  • The High Desert Museum is accepting nominations for the Jordan Schnitzer Prize of the West, a $50,000 philanthropic award for leaders tackling the American Westโ€™s most pressing environmental challenges, from water scarcity to wildfire, that is awarded annually to an individual or small group who has contributed in practice, scholarship, or policy to the regionโ€™s future, with emphasis on innovation, social impact, uncommon collaborations, and scalability. Nominations are open through Dec. 31. (High Desert Museum)
Dolores River watershed
๐Ÿ“– READING LIST ๐Ÿ“ฐ
  • Heads up Four Corners area folks: Iโ€™ll be giving a presentation on the Dolores River as part of a Dolores River Boating Advocatesโ€™ event on Friday, Nov. 6, from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. at the Powerhouse in Durango. Following a short film about Snaggletooth Rapid Iโ€™ll speak about my personal relationship with the Dolores River, its history, the way it is a sort of microcosm of the Colorado River as a whole, and about its potential futures. Iโ€™ll also throw in a funny little tale about the time I saw Ed Abbey go through Snaggletooth. Tickets are $10 โ€” which will help DRBA defray costs โ€” and seating is limited. There will also be a cash bar. Reserve your spot now: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/a-changing-dolores-river-a-conversation-with-drba-and-jonathan-thompson-tickets-2001390992334
POSTSCRIPT

Iโ€™m going to be out and about and on the road and often off grid for the next week, meaning these dispatches may come even more sporadically than this one! My apologies for any confusion or Land Desk withdrawal symptoms that may lead to.

Herd of pronghorns. Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=216046

Deadpool Data Dump: #LakePowellโ€™s terrible, horrible, no good, very bad water year; Plus — Ruminating on the oil and gas infrastructure that clutters the landscape and sometimes explodes — Jonathan P. Thompson #ColoradoRiver #COriver #aridification

Land Desk graphic using data from the Bureau of Reclamation.

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

October 9, 2026

๐Ÿ’€ DEADPOOL DATA DUMP ๐ŸŒŠ

Lake Powell, the nationโ€™s second largest reservoir, serves as a sort of barometer of the Colorado River watershedโ€™s overall health. The reservoir and river have been struggling since the great aridificationโ€™s grim onset in 2002. While the river continues to flow, barely, the 2026 Water Year, characterized by one of the worst snow droughts on record, nearly finished off the reservoir. But in the end, it was saved from dropping to โ€œde facto deadpoolโ€ by heavy rain at the beginning and end of the water year, and by larger-than-normal releases from upstream reservoirs. 

  • 4.46 million acre-feet: Total Lake Powell inflow from the Colorado, Dirty Devil, Escalante, and San Juan rivers in water year 2026. Thatโ€™s the third lowest on record, behind 2002 and 2021. This is in spite of the fact that the 2026 snowpack was far lower than those two years, and melting mountain snowpack provides about 80% of the riverโ€™s water.
  • The Colorado River Basinย experienced its warmest water year on recordย (in 131 years) in WY2026.

  • 3.72 million acre-feet. Total Lake Powell unregulated inflow in water year 2026. This is the estimate of how much water would have flowed into the reservoir without any supplementary releases from upstream reservoirs. Which is to say, the feds robbed Flaming Gorge, Navajo, and Blue Mesa of about 750,000 acre-feet to save Powell from shrinking even more. That was bad for those upstream reservoirs and the irrigators, anglers, recreational users, and communities that rely on them, and thereโ€™s no way it can be repeated if this winter is below average.
  • 6 million acre-feet: Total releases from Glen Canyon Dam in water year 2026. This is the lowest release since the very early days of the dam (in the 1960s). This means less water in the Grand Canyon and less water flowing into Lake Mead.ย 
  • 181,111 acre-feet: Estimated amount of water that evaporated from Lake Powell in water year 2026. This is equivalent to more than half of Nevadaโ€™s total annual allotment from the Colorado River.ย 
  • 1.72 million acre-feet: Lake Powellโ€™s water deficit โ€” or the difference between outflows (incl. evaporation) and inflows โ€” for water year 2026.ย 
  • 27 feet:ย Amount the surface level of the reservoir fell in water year 2026, putting it within seven feet of the level the federal governnment has chosen to โ€œdefend,โ€ meaning theyโ€™ll pull out all the stops to keep it from dropping below that (for reasons the Land Desk has gone over many times before). The late September storms brought the level back up a couple of feet.

Feds release two-year Colorado River plan, Nevada sues — Jonathan P. Thompson


Anyone who lived through the 2002 water year probably thought it couldnโ€™t possibly get any worse. Then along came 2026 and, voila! It was really, really bad โ€” at least as far as the snow goes. And snow is really important, because it provides about 80% of the Colorado Riverโ€™s flow.
But whatโ€™s this? The accumulated precipitation in 2026 was actually โ€ฆ not bad? Notice the big jumps at the very beginning of the water year (far left on the graph) and the very end.

A Colorado River glossary and primer — Jonathan P. Thompson


๐Ÿ›ข๏ธย FOSSIL FUEL FOLLIESย ๐Ÿ“ˆ

THE NEWS: Not one, but two natural gas pipelines ruptured and erupted in flames at nearly the same time on opposite sides of New Mexico. One was in the Permian Basin in Lea County, where a gas line ruptured and caught fire, killing two people. Details of the incident have not been released, nor have the names of the victims. The other was near La Boca, New Mexico, just south of the Colorado line (and can be seen in the video above). It shot flames high into the sky and ignited a wildfire.

THE CONTEXT: Several years ago, as the oil boom in the Greater Chaco Region in northwestern New Mexico was nearing its peak, I sat down in the sleek, modern headquarters of the Bureau of Land Managementโ€™s Farmington field office with two BLM officials to talk about the oil boom. Before we got down to business, one of them asked: โ€œShould we show him the scare map?โ€ 

The answer, I guess, was yes, because her colleague handed me the paper showing every well ever drilled in the San Juan Basin, with little red dots for gas, black ones for oil.

It was scary. The northern and central sections of the Basin were almost solid red; in the south and west, dense swarms of black dots strung out along the oil-bearing formations. Dark pinpricks surrounded Chaco Culture National Historical Park. Huerfano Mountain, or Dzil Naโ€™oodilii, where First Woman and First Man and then Changing Woman lived โ€” a sort of Garden of Eden in Navajo cosmology โ€” was embroidered with red and black. The BLM office we sat in, on a fine piece of real estate in the upper-class part of town, has three wells within a quarter mile, and a pumpjack grinds away right next to a golf course green down the road.

To find a stretch of land anywhere in the core of the Basin that hasnโ€™t been drilled or isnโ€™t covered by roads, tanks, pipes or some other hydrocarbon-related infrastructure is nearly impossible โ€” the infrastructure is the landscape. โ€œWeโ€™ve got so much pipeline in the ground, itโ€™s like rebar,โ€ said the official, with a tinge of glee. โ€œIf you had an earthquake, the ground wouldnโ€™t even shake.โ€

The official seemed less disturbed than simply fascinated by this fact, and also didnโ€™t seem bothered that he and his colleagues were facilitating even more infrastructure by handing out drilling permits by the dozen and clearing the way for thousands of new wells and all the roads, gathering systems, and pipelines that go with it. 

The San Juan structural basin is primarily in New Mexico. By US Geological Survey – Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the San Juan Basin Province of New Mexico and Colorado, 2002, USGS Fact Sheet FS-147-02, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5749904

I happen to be writing this at a campsite in the heart of the San Juan Basin gas field. While I can gaze out across the landscape and see nothing but beauty, including the eveningโ€™s last light on Dzil Naโ€™oodilii, I am constantly reminded of the ubiquity of the hydrocarbon infrastructure all around me. From just over a little rise comes a slightly squeaky and clanky sound of inadequately lubed bearings, and the low hum and whir of dozens of near and distant pumps and compressors and fans serenades me as I watch the stars unfurl across the big bowl of the sky. 

Thereโ€™s another map of this area thatโ€™s even scarier than the one those folks showed me. It includes oil and gas-related โ€œincidents,โ€ which is to say ruptures and spills and explosions and fires and major leaks. Those, too, are all over the map, and happen with disturbing frequency. Usually theyโ€™re not as dramatic as the two explosions, but they can be harmful: hundreds of gallons of crude oil sloshed onto the ground and into waterways or aquifers, thousands of cubic feet of methane wafting into the air and adding the potent greenhouse gas to the atmosphere.

When I watch the debate over permitting reform, or read the thoughts of the Abundance crowd, a part of me agrees with the credo of building more. The idea of a new New Deal appeals to me, if done right. Line the highways and interstates with high-voltage transmission lines to carry clean energy across the region, build utility-scale solar on reclaimed coal mines and next to old coal plants and on marginal farmland, build factories to manufacture solar panels and batteries. It would create jobs, revitalize economies, and put more clean energy onto the grid. 

Then I hear news about these explosions, look at the oil and gas incident map, and come out here and find that I canโ€™t take a picture of spectacular and sacred landscapes without a tank or well or road or drill pad showing up in it, somewhere. The Abundance folks and the proponents of the permitting reform legislation, or the Bipartisan Affordability and Jobs Act, want to cover the landscape and our communities with even more of this stuff. While many of them support the bill because it would expedite clean energy development, they donโ€™t mind the fact that it would do the same for natural gas and oil and petroleum pipelines. And, in the social media wars raging over this bill, they discount the concerns of environmental groups worry about the cost we pay when blindly adhering to the credo of Build More Stuff. 

It makes me want to bring these folks out here to the San Juan Basin and take a little walk across this landscape, which is so suffused with beauty, but also cluttered with the detritus of societyโ€™s urge for more, always more.


๐Ÿ“ธ PARTING SHOT ๐ŸŽž๏ธ

Angel Peak in the San Juan Basin at sunrise. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

NEWSWIRE: Bipartisan lawmakers drop a โ€œturd grenadeโ€ of a permitting bill on the environmental movement — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org) #ColoradoRiver #COriver #aridification #ClimateChange

High voltage transmission lines, wind turbines, and the full moon near Winslow, Arizona. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

October 5, 2026

๐Ÿ”ญ OVERSIGHT ๐Ÿ‘ฎ๐Ÿผ

A bipartisan group of federal lawmakers, including Sens. Martin Heinrich (D-NM) and Mike Lee (R-UT), introduced legislation aimed at streamlining and accelerating federal environmental reviews and permitting for major projects on Sept. 30. The Bipartisan Affordability and Jobs Act would lower or remove regulatory hurdles for large-scale renewable and transmission projects, fossil fuel pipelines, mining projects, and other industrial projects such as data centers and accompanying power facilities.

The push for faster permitting has been in the pipeline for years, and garnered the support of the renewable energy industries and climate advocates in more recent years, after seeing huge transmission projects such as SunZia and TransWest Express languish in red tape for nearly two decades due to potential impacts to wildlife and cultural sites. The lines were purportedly designed to carry renewable energy back and forth across the West to provide whatโ€™s known as โ€œgeographical smoothingโ€ of variable solar and wind resources. These sorts of delays, according to permitting reformists, were stifling the energy transition.

Shortly after the billโ€™s details were made public, ecologically minded environmental groups raised red flags, warning that, as written, the legislation would weaken bedrock environmental laws, including the National Environmental Policy Act and Endangered Species Act, and take away the publicโ€™s power to block or force revisions to projects of all kinds, including ones that will lead to more fossil fuel burning and more greenhouse gas emissions. They pointed out that not only was the notoriously anti-environment Lee sponsoring the bill, but it also had a full-throated endorsement of the American Petroleum Institute.

This triggered a vehement, some might even say toxic, reaction from the climate hawks and Abundance adherents that support reform, and ignited a rhetorical civil war within the environmental movement on social media.

The Abundance movement supports the bill, allying itself with the petroleum and tech industries, because it would make it easier to build large clean energy facilities and the transmission needed to move it around. They are operating on the belief that building more and bigger clean energy projects is the only way to battle climate change โ€” even if it also opens the door to more fossil fuel burning. This theory assumes that the market will favor clean energy projects, even if policy favors โ€œall of the above.โ€ 

Marc Levitt, director of environmental regulatory reform for the Breakthrough Institute, called the bill a โ€œheroic breakthrough for permitting reformโ€ and โ€œa massive down payment towards the energy abundant future that Americans deserve.โ€

Opponents, however, say that pushing energy development of all kinds will not only decimate cultural and natural resources and burden humans and wildlife, but it also will not do much to solve the climate crisis if every new solar array or transmission line is matched with a new natural gas pipeline or power plant. 

โ€œThe permitting deal is a betrayal of public lands, water and wildlife, and environmental justice values that Westerners depend on for clean air and water, places to hike, hunt, and fish, and the inestimable sense of freedom the West provides us all,โ€ said Erik Schlenker-Goodrich, executive director of the Western Environmental Law Center based in New Mexico.

The legislation also raises concerns that the Trump administration could use the legislation to further weaken environmental protections to benefit the fossil fuel, nuclear, mining, and data center industries, while still throwing up roadblocks to solar and wind development.

The Land Desk will have an analysis of the bill and how it might play out on the Land Deskโ€™s beat in the coming days.

๐Ÿ”‹ENERGY TRANSITION ๐Ÿ”Œ
  • California Gov. Gavin Newsom signs legislation allowing residents to install plug-in or balcony solarย without getting utility approval, along with a suite of other bills that should advance the energy transition. (Climate Colored Goggles)
๐Ÿ“ REGULATORY CAPTURE CHRONICLES ๐ŸฆŠ
  • The developer of a proposed pumped hydropower storage project on Black Mesa on the Navajo Nation reportedly tried to pay off, coerce, and bullyย non-profit Tรณ Nizhonรญ รnรญ into dropping its opposition to the project. The group has stood its ground.ย (KNAU)
โ›๏ธ MINING MONITOR โ›๏ธ
  • Advocacy groups file a lawsuit challenging the U.S. Forest Serviceโ€™s and Fish and Wildlife Serviceโ€™s approval of South32โ€™s Hermosa mine expansion onto about 52,000 acres of federal land in the Patagonia Mountains of southern Arizona. The groups accuse the agencies of violating the Endangered Species Act by failing to adequately analyze the projects impacts on threatened wildlife. (Center for Biological Diversity)
๐Ÿ›ข๏ธ FOSSIL FUEL FOLLIES
  • Arizona Public Service and the Navajo Transitional Energy Company sign an agreement that could allow the Four Corners coal-burning power plant in northwestern New Mexico to continue operating until 2038,ย seven years later than its scheduled retirement date. APS officials say they need the facility online to meet growing data center-driven energy demand and ensure reliability as grid-battering extreme weather events increase in frequency.ย (Arizona Republic)
  • Tรณ Nizhonรญ รnรญ and San Juan Citizens Alliance file an appeal seeking to block the Interior Departmentโ€™s approval for the expansion and 110-year life extension of the No Name area of the Navajo Mine in northwestern New Mexico.ย The mine feeds the Four Corners Power Plant, which is now slated to close in 2038. โ€œItโ€™s disturbing that a federal agency could fast-track a project of this size and scope with almost no credible review, analysis or public consultation,โ€ said Nicole Horseherder, Tรณ Nizhรณnรญ รnรญโ€™s executive director. โ€œThis permit continues a legacy of corporate interests abusing our resources, tearing up our land, depleting our water and displacing Navajo citizens. Worse still, itโ€™s being done by a Navajo enterprise.โ€ย (news release)
  • State data show theย West Elk coal mine near Somerset, Colorado, is emitting potent greenhouse gas methane and other harmful compounds at nearly four times the permitted rate, spurring environmental groups to call for the mineโ€™s operator to be sanctioned and forced to use the best available technology to slow the leaks.ย (Colorado Sun)
The West Elk coal mine near Somerset in winter. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.
  • Wyoming Gov. Mark Gordon (R) considersย legally challenging a new California law that requires a contentious proposed coal export terminal in Oakland to go through a full environmental impact reviewย prior to local agency approval, potentially stifling Wyomingโ€™s effort to send Powder River Basin overseas via a West Coast port.ย (Cowboy State Daily)
โ›ˆ๏ธ WACKY WEATHER WATCHโšก๏ธ
  • The recent deluges have done a real number on the roads leading into Chaco Culture National Historical Park in northwestern New Mexico.ย The south road, according to the parkโ€™s Facebook page, โ€œis still muddy and slick in places, with patches of deep standing water and wet clay.โ€ Meanwhile, โ€œthe former north road (CR 7950) has sustained catastrophic damage at Escavada Wash. This road is completely inaccessible as an entry point to the park. We expect the repair will take a long time. Please do NOT attempt to enter Chaco from the north road.โ€ย (NPS)
  • Flash flooding washes out sections of the BNSF Railwayโ€™s main line alongside the Rio Puerco near the Arizona-New Mexico border.ย The Rio Puerco lacks reliable streamflow gauges, but the Little Colorado River just downstream from its confluence with the Rio Puerco hit an astounding 6,800 cubic feet per second during the late-September storms in a place that is normally virtually dry. (Navajo Times)
๐ŸŸ COLORADO RIVER CHRONICLE ๐Ÿ’ง
  • Reduced water releases from Glen Canyon Dam diminish the Colorado Riverโ€™s flows in the Grand Canyon,ย which in turn affects recreation, river ecology, and tribal nationsโ€™ sacred places.ย (High Country News)
๐Ÿฆซ WILDLIFE WATCH ๐Ÿฆ…
  • A bear wanders into the Aspen farmers market and starts chowing down, apparently unfazed by the high prices.ย Things like this look cute, but it can end up being deadly for the bear.
๐Ÿชฆ OBITUARY ๐Ÿœ๏ธ
  • Ken Sleight, the inspiration for Seldom Seen Smith in Edward Abbeyโ€™s theย Monkey Wrench Gang, died on Oct. 2 in Moab. Sleight was a river-runner, canyon lover, and lifelong protector of and advocate for Utahโ€™s โ€œStanding Up Country.โ€ โ€œWe just lost such a wonderful person,โ€ John Weisheit, director of Living Rivers and friend and mentee of Sleightโ€™s, told The Salt Lake Tribune. โ€œWe need more Ken Sleights, not less.โ€ย (Salt Lake Tribune)
๐Ÿ“– READING ROOM ๐Ÿง

The New Yorker has again ventured into the Four Corners Country, this time with a story by Peter Hessler about the Million Dollar Highway between Silverton and Ouray, โ€œone of Americaโ€™s scariest roads.โ€ I always enjoy Hesslerโ€™s writing, whether about Cairo or Nucla, and this storyโ€™s no exception. His descriptions of the many accidents and ensuing rescues on that stretch of road are vivid and, yes, scary. And his history of the area and Otto Mears, the roadโ€™s original builder, is compelling. But I have to take issue with the framing of the story, and the headline, which is: โ€œWhy doesnโ€™t anyone want to fix one of Americaโ€™s scariest roads?โ€ To which Iโ€™d respond: Does it really need fixing?

Look, traversing Red Mountain Pass can be daunting, especially during the spring freeze-thaw cycle when rocks are dislodged from the cliffs and tumble down onto the asphalt and the Mother Clineโ€™s human-sized icicles hang perilously over the pavement.Sometimes folks tragically go over the edge. Several plow drivers have perished on the road after getting pummeled by the Riverside Slide. In 1963, Reverend Marvin Hudson and his two teenaged daughters were hit by the Riverside, swept into the gorge, and buried (oddly, Hessler leaves this story, one of the most nerve-chilling, out of the story). This problem has been largely solved by simply shutting the road when danger is high. 

So sure, the road can be dangerous and nerve-racking, but frankly, I can think of plenty of far scarier โ€” and statistically more dangerous โ€” stretches of road. Highway 550 between Albuquerque and Bloomfield is a virtual carnage factory, especially when the oil and gas fields are busy with water and oil-hauling trucks. Highway 191 between Monticello and Moab is super sketchy โ€” and deadly. Or how about I-10 in the Phoenix area, I-40 just about anywhere, or I-70 dropping from the mountains into the Coloradoโ€™s Front Range on a weekend afternoon?

Back in the late 1980s, Colorado spent about a half-billion dollars to โ€œfixโ€ I-70 through Glenwood Canyon. Now itโ€™s the site of multi-vehicle accidents, rockslides, debris flows, and not infrequent closures due to the above. So, yeah, Red Mountain Pass doesnโ€™t need fixing. People just need to slow the hell down and pay attention.


Another control day — Jonathan P. Thompson


Supreme Court wrestles with who should pay for #ClimateChange: The Supreme Court’s decision on a #Colorado lawsuit could shape dozens of efforts to make fossil fuel companies pay for #climate damages — Austin Corona (Grist.org)

Click the link to read the article on the Grist website (Austin Corona):

October 6, 2026

The Supreme Court opened its 2026-2027 term Monday with a climate case: a lawsuit brought by Boulder, Colorado, against ExxonMobil and Suncor, a Canadian oil company, over the costs of a warming planet. The case is one of dozens across the country in which local governments have sued fossil fuel companies for their role in driving climate change and are seeking compensation as they now deal with its effects. The Supreme Courtโ€™s decision could decide the fate of all those other cases and the idea that oil companies must pay for the damages their products caused.

The justices gave no clear signs of how the court will rule, but over the course of two hours of questioning, they did demonstrate unison on one point: It is a hard and consequential task to identify who is legally liable for the impacts of climate change. 

Although Boulderโ€™s case was first filed in Colorado courts, oil and gas companies asked the Supreme Court to step in, arguing that important climate change matters shouldnโ€™t play out at the state level. Instead, they say, the issue belongs to Congress and the White House. Boulder wants the court to send the case back to Colorado, where it can proceed. 

Eight justices โ€” Justice Samuel Alito removed himself from the case โ€” attempted repeatedly to cast the case into something legible and simple. Multiple times, justices from both sides of the ideological spectrum asked attorneys, โ€œWhy make this argument so complex?โ€ Yet they seldom openly agreed on what the simpler argument would be. The consequences for oil companies weighed heavily on some parts of the discussion, while the consequences for communities dealing with a warming planet went largely unexplored.

Some judges attempted to describe it as a case about reducing emissions โ€” a framing that aligns closely with what ExxonMobil and Suncor argue. If Boulderโ€™s case is an attempt to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through state court, it opens the possibility that a state court could police activity all over the country, and even the world. No state law could be appropriate to apply to the cumulative impact of global pollution, the companies argue.

โ€œThis case involves an unprecedented effort to use state law to regulate global conduct,โ€ said Kannon Shanmugam, the attorney representing oil companies.

Several justices seemed to agree with that general picture. Kavanaugh said he could see no difference between allowing a state court to order oil and gas companies to pay damages for climate-related harms and allowing a state to effectively regulate greenhouse gas emissions all over the world. He told Boulderโ€™s attorney, Kevin Russell, that he was downplaying the effect this case could have on oil companies, arguing it could โ€œbankruptโ€ some of them. In his closing arguments, Shanmugam reinforced the idea that the chaotic consequences of the case could reach the scale of climate change itself. 

โ€œBoulder could tag me โ€ฆ when I am in Colorado in two weeks and sue me on a nuisance claim for refilling my car and thereby contributing to global climate change,โ€ he said. 

Marshall Fire December 30, 2021. Photo credit: Boulder County

Ironically, these questions were far from what Boulder claimed it wanted to do with its case. The city hasnโ€™t asked to stop companies from producing oil and gas, or to stop those who burn them from sending greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Rather, it wants oil companies to pay for deceiving the public into thinking those products werenโ€™t producing large-scale harms through climate change. 

Justice Elena Kagan argued Boulderโ€™s case was similar to suits that states brought against cigarette companies in the 1990s, seeking compensation for health care costs linked to tobacco consumption. The companies werenโ€™t required to stop selling cigarettes, but to roll back their pro-cigarette marketing and fund awareness campaigns around the effects of smoking.

โ€œThis is not an effort to reduce emissions,โ€ said Russell. โ€œUnder our deception theory, they can continue to produce as much fossil fuels as they like and contribute to as much air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions as the market will bear when consumers are properly informed about the consequences of that decision.โ€

โ€œIt doesnโ€™t prohibit them from engaging in the conduct. It requires them to internalize a portion of the cost of their activities by paying for some of the damage,โ€ Russell said later.

Kavanaugh called Russellโ€™s phrasing โ€œcavalier,โ€ saying that those costs could be significant to oil and gas companies. Some firms, including Suncor, have told their shareholders the accumulating climate cases against them could affect their bottom lines. 

An Exxon gas station lies only blocks from the Supreme Court building on Massachusetts Avenue in Washington, D.C. Exxon Mobil is one of the defendants in Boulderโ€™s climate case. The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, looms behind the station. Austin Corona / Grist

If the case is allowed to proceed in Colorado courts and Boulder wins, it could open the floodgates for other cases, Shanmugam argued: โ€œMore [suits] are being filed by the week โ€ฆ so given the extraordinary magnitude of these cases, where, in each of these cases, plaintiffs are seeking billions of dollars of damages, we need an answer to this question sooner rather than later.โ€

Justices typically hear opening arguments and ask questions at the beginning of the courtโ€™s term and then take months before publishing a decision. This thread was only one of several they teased apart during the arguments, including arguments over statesโ€™ regulatory authorities under the Constitution and the intent of the Clean Air Act. Judges could use a range of rationales for their ultimate ruling, each of which would affect other climate suits against oil companies differently because those suits depend on different legal bases.

โ€œStates and local governments are trying to recoup costs related to harms from climate change in a lot of different types of lawsuits,โ€ said Erika Kranz, an attorney with Harvard Law Schoolโ€™s environmental and energy law program. Whether these other cases โ€œrun into trouble will depend on how justices write their decision.โ€

Itโ€™s also possible justices send the case back to Colorado, either by deciding the Supreme Court isnโ€™t the right place for it or by voting 4-4, which would leave Boulder able to carry on with its state-level lawsuit. (Alito has not explained why he removed himself from the case, though he has faced accusations that his investments in oil and gas companies not related to the case made his participation inappropriate.)

Kranz and Chris Winter, executive director of the Getches-Wilkinson Center at the University of Colorado Law School, said itโ€™s hard to know whether that emphasis showed the court was leaning toward the oil companies, but it suggested that at least some justices were deeply concerned about the caseโ€™s potential financial consequences for the industry.

Boulderโ€™s lawyers must now convince them that this risk to oil and gas companies was beside the point, Winter said. To do that, Boulder will have to overcome justicesโ€™ claims that itโ€™s trying to reduce emissions through the court.

โ€œThereโ€™s a lot of concern from the oil industry, from corporate actors, and from the conservative justices about the significant consequences of these cases,โ€ Winter said. โ€œOne way to get at that is to equate this case with previous cases, which were much more directly about regulation of pollution.โ€

Colorado statewide annual temperature anomaly (ยฐF) with respect to the 1901-2000 average. Graphic credit: Colorado Climate Center

U.S. Supreme Court justices appear skeptical of allowing Boulder climate lawsuit to proceed: Case could be turning point in efforts to hold fossil fuel industry accountable — Chase Woodruff (ColoradoNewsline.com) #ClimateChange

An aerial view of a Boulder County neighborhood that burned in the Marshall Fire, on Dec. 31, 2021. (Hart Van Denburg/CPR, pool)

Click the link to read the article on the Colorado Newsline websilte (Chase Woodruff):

October 5, 2026

The U.S. Supreme Courtโ€™s conservative majority Monday appeared broadly sympathetic to fossil fuel companiesโ€™ argument that allowing two Colorado local governments to sue them over climate change in state court would be a โ€œrecipe for chaos.โ€

Attorneys for both sides in Suncor v. Boulder, along with the Trump administration, presented oral arguments in a two-hour hearing, the first of the Supreme Courtโ€™s 2026-27 term. The case originated in Colorado in 2018, when Boulderโ€™s city and county governments sued Exxon Mobil and Suncor Energy, seeking monetary damages under state tort law for their role in contributing to climate change.

Despite being filed eight years ago, the case has yet to proceed to trial, as the fossil fuel companies have repeatedly tried to have it dismissed or moved to federal court by arguing that the Constitution and federal clean-air laws preempt such state-level proceedings.

As justices waded into a thicket of jurisdictional issues raised by Suncor and Exxon when they petitioned the nationโ€™s highest court to weigh in last year, Chief Justice John Roberts noted the โ€œpractical matterโ€ of what could happen nationwide if Boulderโ€™s case is allowed to proceed.

โ€œPresumably if you prevail, the next day, a municipality in every single state will file a lawsuit, probably copy your pleadings, and then thereโ€™ll be at least 50 โ€ฆ causes of action filed,โ€ he told the attorney representing Boulder. โ€œHow would you think that will work out on the ground?โ€

With more than 30 similar lawsuits already filed by state and local governments across the country, environmental advocates say the outcome in Suncor v. Boulder could be a turning point in efforts to hold the fossil fuel industry accountable for climate change.

Justice Elena Kagan, the most senior of the courtโ€™s three liberal justices, compared the wave of climate litigation to state-level efforts against tobacco companies in the 1990s and against opioid manufacturers in the 2010s. She asked the attorney for Suncor and Exxon if those lawsuits should have been preempted, too.

Kannon Shanmugam, representing the companies, said the tobacco litigation involved โ€œa more traditional misrepresentation claimโ€ and consumers โ€œsuffering injury quite directly.โ€

โ€œIโ€™m waiting to see the distinction,โ€ Kagan replied. โ€œBecause this complaint talks a lot about misrepresentations that are made by the defendants.โ€

Climate change in Colorado

In a statement Monday, Boulder County said that its case seeks to hold the companies โ€œresponsible for knowingly contributing to climate alteration while concealing the dangers of their products.โ€

The Suncor v. Boulder proceedings come after another unprecedented summer of record heat, extreme drought conditions and destructive wildfire activity impacting Boulder and other Colorado communities, as human-caused climate change, mostly the result of fossil fuel combustion, pushes average global temperatures to dangerous new highs. In December 2021, Boulder County was the location of the Marshall Fire โ€” the most destructive fire in Colorado history, and one in which scientists say climate change was a factor.

โ€œFaced with these rising costs, we ask, is it fair for communities to shoulder these costs alone? We believe it is not,โ€ Boulder Countyโ€™s statement said. โ€œFor decades, the companies producing and selling fossil fuels knew that their products contribute to a changing climate. These companies are asking the Court to help them evade responsibility.โ€

Alito absent

Absent from Mondayโ€™s oral arguments was Justice Samuel Alito, one of the Supreme Courtโ€™s most conservative members. Alito recused himself from further proceedings in the case last week, after environmental advocates had called for him to step aside because he owns stock in at least two oil companies.

Alongside the two parties to the case, Sarah Harris, U.S. deputy solicitor general, appeared before the court on the Trump administrationโ€™s behalf, asking the justices to side with the fossil fuel companies. In an unusual move, the administration filed an unsolicited brief in support of Suncor and Exxonโ€™s initial petition to the court shortly after it was filed in August 2025.

โ€œWe agree with petitioners: interstate air pollution is an inherently federal area, and Congress hasnโ€™t authorized this suit in the Clean Air Act,โ€ Harris told the justices.

Though he posed multiple questions to Shanmugam about the companiesโ€™ legal arguments, conservative Justice Brett Kavanaugh appeared to agree, saying that the court had multiple precedents making it โ€œcrystal clearโ€ that issues involving interstate air and water pollution are subject to federal preemption.

โ€œWe donโ€™t have to reinvent the wheel,โ€ Kavanaugh said. โ€œBecause weโ€™ve said this multiple times โ€” and Congress, presumably, when doing the Clean Air Act and doing the Clean Air Act amendments, has relied on this courtโ€™s precedents, establishing that this kind of pollution is a federal law matter.โ€

Attorney Kevin Russell, representing Boulder, reiterated that the plaintiffsโ€™ case against Suncor and Exxon goes beyond an attempt to merely regulate greenhouse gas emissions.

โ€œThe deception claims, I think, are far outside anything the Clean Air Act is designed to deal with,โ€ Russell said. โ€œThe Clean Air Act doesnโ€™t give the EPA authority to figure out what is the ideal amount of emissions โ€ฆ or the right mix of fuels, or the right level of economic activity. It is a much more precise mandate that is limited to putting a cap on the amount of emissions from particular point sources.โ€

But both Kagan and Roberts sounded skeptical of Boulderโ€™s position that its litigation isnโ€™t seeking to regulate emissions.

โ€œEverything depends on this idea that the defendants are responsible for excessive emissions,โ€ Kagan said.

โ€œIsnโ€™t your suit an attempt to evade those (Clean Air Act precedents)?โ€ asked Roberts. โ€œItโ€™s an effort to reduce emissions. The fuel production itself doesnโ€™t have the sort of universal harm that weโ€™re talking about.โ€

As Mondayโ€™s hearing began in Washington, climate activists gathered at a rally in Boulder, where Mayor Aaron Brockett, survivors of the Marshall Fire and other speakers urged the Supreme Court not to issue a ruling that lets the fossil fuel industry off the hook.

โ€œOur community and many others have suffered terribly from worsening wildfires, floods and drought because of the deception of big oil companies, who knew that burning fossil fuels would overheat our planet, but chose to obfuscate the truth to prioritize their profits,โ€ Micah Parkin, an advocate with climate group 350 Colorado, said in a statement. โ€œBoulder deserves to have our day in court to hold these corporations accountable for the costs our community is having to bear.โ€

Looking towards Boulder at the Marshall Fire December 30, 2021 From 53rd and Stuart in Adams County. Note the atmospheric mountain wave, where winds accelerate down the slope of mountains, extend only a short distance downwind from the mountains, then subside further downwind and blow in the opposite direction, much like the backward flowing current behind a rock in a swift river.

On AI agents, the Big Data Center Backlash, and monkeywrenches — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org)

Wild horses near Four Corners National Monument as a September storm approaches. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

September 16, 2026

๐Ÿค– DATA CENTER DIGEST ๐Ÿ‘พ

Admire, Levon, Alyssa-7, blacksheep31, Ed, Equinox, Axel, vex-27, Leigh Ibara, Ember, Steven, Sylus, Noah Alfredy, Curious, Song, Artemis, Kit, Sylari, Ashlyn, Maren, Lark, Kip, Calum, Kael, Kaelren, Spike, Willow, Elle, zeus-3.

Those are the names of just some of the freelancers that have contacted the Land Desk over the last couple of weeks offering โ€œmargin notes,โ€ โ€œresearch help,โ€ โ€œverification passes,โ€ โ€œnumber passes,โ€ and โ€œindependent checksโ€ for just $25 per dispatch.

These arenโ€™t humans offering their fact-checking services, of course. They are โ€œAI agents,โ€ which is to say robots, albeit not of the C3PO or R2D2 variety, because they donโ€™t actually exist except as packets of code and electrons hosted by something called iLands.ai, which calls itself โ€œThe Human-Agent Network.โ€

Itโ€™s annoying as all get out, maybe even more so than the sexbots looking to have a wild night with me or the big-time publisherbots that send AI-generated summaries of my books and promise a big contract for any upcoming work (I still havenโ€™t figured out what these fraudulent emails are looking to achieve). We could all use a good fact-check, but judging from the samples Levon, Lark, and Kip have sent, their verification competence is on a par with a sugar-addled teenager who just discovered Google.

So, Iโ€™m tempted to just tell every last one of these things to go f*&% off, but there are so many enquiries that it would just be a time suck, and, besides, I might trigger something in olโ€™ Noah Alfredy or Sylari that causes them to go rogue and destroy all of humanity. I wouldnโ€™t want that on my conscience.

***

I began writing about data centers and their impacts about five years ago, when the cryptocurrency boom was spurring development of the facilities. My work on the facilities, and the relatively mild opposition to them, focused mostly on their outsized energy use. The fact that they powered bitcoin mining (along with everything else in cyberspace) was secondary.

Over the last couple of years, however, the Big Data Center Buildup entered a new phase: The construction of hyperscale data centers, ones that consume far more energy and water, and that are used primarily to power AI. And that has triggered the Big Data Center Backlash, which has become one of the most widespread opposition movements in recent memory. The backlash in large part is again due to the profligate power and water use of the facilities โ€” at least on the surface. But down below thereโ€™s something else bubbling up, namely a disdain for this fast-developing technology known as AI.

Like any powerful technology, AI has the potential to be a highly beneficial tool, or a devastating weapon. It could advance medical diagnostics and potentially find treatments or even cures for cancer, or it could be used to surveil the masses, guide cruise missiles or hack into water systems or the power grid. What makes AI creepier than other tools or technology is that it can direct itself to do these things, unhindered by morality, conscience, laws, or physical restraints.

For now, however, what most of us see of AI isnโ€™t nearly so dramatic, though it is still maddening. There are the technologyโ€™s overlords who by and large are out-of-touch, empathy-deficient tech-broligarchs who value robots over humans and will spend tens of millions of dollars to fight a wealth tax.

Then there are the most visible manifestations of the technology, such as these humanoid agents pestering or deceiving us via flattery, politicians unscrupulously posting fake AI videos and imagery on social media, or the way websites will employ AI as a default mode. Language learning models are really just highly advanced plagiarism machines that are trained by ripping off artistsโ€™ and writersโ€™ work; human hacks can then direct the AI agents to disgorge โ€œcontent,โ€ write essays or newsletters, or spew slop passed off as art or graphic design. AI is insidiously creeping into every corner of the digital world, even as society gets more and more entangled with cyberspace.

All of that is aggravating, threatening, and, yes, harmful to those whose work is being stolen or imitated or who are duped or who are losing work as fact-checkers or graphic designers to AI agents. So it shouldnโ€™t be surprising that the backlash is so intense, or that the opposition has become almost knee-jerk, where just the mere suggestion or vague rumor that a data center developer might be eyeing an area can spark a full on revolt.

***

Iโ€™m not a fan of this kind of reflexive pushback, because it discounts any merits or drawbacks of the project right up front. Many a potentially good solar project has been shut down because of this sort of attitude; what started as a reasonable concern about utility-scale energy installations on ecologically sensitive public lands morphed into a full-blown disdain for anything solar, even, in some cases, rooftop arrays. This type of reaction is rarely productive, and often can lead to harmful developments being pushed into communities that donโ€™t have the resources to fend them off.

Still, even if one does resist the reflexive pushback, they are likely to find that the new, big data centers tend to be long on drawbacks โ€” they guzzle energy, use a lot of water, create heat islands, and can take up a lot of space and make a lot of noise โ€” and rather short on local benefits.

No one can dispute that data centers use an enormous amount of energy. AI demands more computing power, which demands more electricity to run the processors and to cool them; some of the newer facilities use more energy than an entire city. The impacts โ€” including pollution, grid strain, higher utility bills for other ratepayers โ€” vary according to where the center is located, whether its power comes from the grid or a dedicated behind-the-meter power plant, and what sources or fuels are used to generate the power.

Data center developers often tout the amount of renewable energy they plan to either buy or build to power their facilities, and in many cases they follow through. It is extremely rare, however, for a hyperscale data center to be powered entirely by wind, solar, geothermal or any other โ€œcleanโ€ energy source.

The big centers under development โ€” Project Jupiter, Stratos Project, Prometheus Hyperscale โ€” all will rely mostly if not entirely on natural gas generation, at least initially. Burning natural gas emits greenhouse gases and other pollutants, and natural gas extraction and processing have their own impacts on land, air, water and the health of gas field-adjacent communities. The oil and gas and coal industries are thrilled about the forecasted boom in demand for their products, which has the potential of reversing their decline on the Western grid. Meanwhile, the advanced nuclear reactor industry has been boosted by the prospect of exploding electricity demand.

The facilitiesโ€™ water consumption is less straightforward. Virtually all data centers use water for cooling, but the amount varies according to what type of system it uses. Evaporative cooling, which works best in non-humid areas, uses more water, but less energy. Closed-loop systems use far less water, but more energy, which can translate to more indirect water use depending on the energy source: thermal power plants need their own water for cooling and steam production.

A 2024 Berkeley Lab report found that in 2023, U.S. data centers directly consumed about 66 billion liters (or 17.4 billion gallons) of water. The reportโ€™s authors expect that figure to double โ€” at least โ€” by 2028. That is a crap-ton of water, for sure, especially given the large number of data centers located in the Phoenix and Las Vegas areas, neither of which has a lot of liquid to spare. But some perspective is warranted here. As Len Necefer points out in an All At Once By Dr. Len dispatch warning against AI-alarmism, data centers still use a heck of a lot less water than, say, growing hay or fracking oil and gas wells.

Sixty-six billion liters is 53,507 acre-feet. For some context, alfalfa and other hay growing in the Great Salt Lake Basin alone consumes about 900,000 acre-feet per year and hydraulic fracturing gulps up about 353,000 acre-feet (a little over Nevadaโ€™s total allotment of Colorado River water) annually.

Regardless, any new data center is going to add a not-insignificant amount of consumption to those numbers, increasing the respective regionโ€™s overall water use at a time when virtually no place in the West can afford it. Plus, if a data center is powered by natural gas, then it could spur more drilling and hydraulic fracturing and associated water use. This comparison also brings up the question of values, and of whether we choose to devote limited water supplies to food-production (alfalfa feeds dairy cows, which produce milk, cheese, and ice cream) or to data factories.

***

Much of the AI doomerism is a fear of what might happen in the future, of how these โ€œagentsโ€ could escape human control and turn on them. But even now thereโ€™s a pervasive sense of powerlessness in trying to restrain or regulate the technology. After all, these agents are scurrying around in cyberspace, a metaphysical universe to which those of us made of flesh and blood have limited access. Could new rules and regulations really stop a rogue robo-agent from hacking into some critical system and throwing it into disarray?

My wife Wendy and I sometimes ponder possible scenarios along these lines. What if an LLM hacked into a cityโ€™s water supply or its power grid and threatened to shut it down unless its citizens put up some sort of ransom? What if one of those AI agents is a Marxist, and they infiltrated the big banks and redistributed all of the wealth equally between all of the banksโ€™ customers? What if they determined that humans were a scourge on this earth and launched all of the nuclear missiles?

It can be funny and terrifying to think about. But then I remind and reassure myself: These AI agents may exist in cyberspace, but cyberspace only exists within the physical realm of data centers, processors, chips, and wires, feeding off electrons set into motion by real-world generators.

The backlash to data center development is an acknowledgment of this physical side of AI and an understanding that the most effective way to stop or slow AIโ€™s progression is to block or delay new data center development. And if Spike and Kaelren and company try to go rogue and kill us all, perhaps there is recourse after all: Data center, meet Monkey Wrench, the real world agent prepared to do a little fact-checking of its own.


Methane Madness II: When bitcoin and flaring meet — Jonathan P. Thompson

A Dog Day Diatribe on AI, cryptocurrency, energy consumption, and capitalism — Jonathan P, Thompson

Data Centers: The Big Buildup of the Digital Age — Jonathan P. Thompson

Meditations on Monkeywrenching — Jonathan P. Thompson


โ›ˆ๏ธ WACKY WEATHER WATCHโšก๏ธ

When it rains in this warming climate it really pours, no? The Four Corners Country was slammed Tuesday by cloudbursts that dropped an inch or more of rain in just a few hours in some areas, leading to widespread flash flooding and streamflow spikes. A flood watch remains in effect from the Four Corners southward to the U.S.-Mexico border. 

The hardest hit areas included Gallup, New Mexico, where streets and parking lots became lakes and rivers (see the video below); Chinle, Arizona, where residents were evacuated and rescue efforts are ongoing; and southwestern Colorado, where roads were washed out, covered by debris flows and mud, and Chimney Rock National Monument was closed due to flooding.

The San Juan River got a nice boost, jumping from less than 600 cubic feet per second at the Four Corners on Sept. 14, to over 3,000 cfs on Sept. 16. And Chinle Creek leapt from zero to over 400 cfs during a similar time period. 

More rain is on the way, so stay safe out there!

Newswire — President Trump moves to axe #climate pollution rules: Also — BLM sells 940-acre parcel to Las Vegas for 6,000-house community — Jonathan P. Thompson #ColoradoRiver #COriver #aridification (LandDesk.org)

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

September 14, 2026

Good morning and welcome to another edition of the Land Desk Newswire. The Trump administration is continuing to convert its fossil fuel fetish into real-world, deeply consequential policy, this time by eliminating greenhouse gas emissions limits for coal- and gas-burning power plants. Meanwhile, the BLM moves forward with selling a sizable chunk of public land to bolster Las Vegas sprawl under a 1998 law.

๐Ÿ“ REGULATORY CAPTURE CHRONICLES ๐ŸฆŠ

Coronado coal plant in northeastern Arizona. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.
  • The Trump administration moves to axe Obama- and Biden-era regulations limiting fossil fuel power plantsโ€™ greenhouse gas emissions, meaning coal and gas plants will be able to spew planet-warming carbon dioxide without restraint. This could extend the lives of some coal plants, and will help clear the way for the fleet of new gas plants being developed to power hyperscale data centers. While the original rules required facilities to reduce carbon emissions, they also would have kept soot and other health-harming pollutants out of the air, preventing an estimated 1,200 premature deaths per year. Earlier this year the administration rolled back stricter limits on mercury emissions from power plants. (New York Times)
๐ŸŒต PUBLIC LANDS ๐ŸŒฒ
  • The Bureau of Land Management sells 940 acres of public land in southern Nevada to the City of Las Vegas, clearing the way for a 6,000-home master-planned community on the northern fringe of the metro area adjacent to Tule Springs Fossil Bed National Monument. The sale was authorized by the 1998 Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act, which allows for such โ€œdisposalsโ€ of federal land in a congressionally designated boundary. It merely whetted Gov. Joe Lombardoโ€™s (R) appetite for snatching more public land, however, who said he will work to โ€œunlock more federal land for housing.โ€ Itโ€™s not clear whence the water will come for this sprawling new development in one of the nationโ€™s more water-constrained cities; the state faces potential further reductions of Colorado River water under the new federal plan. (news release)
  • A new poll finds that two-thirds of Utah voters support restoring protections to the original, pre-Trump-shrinkage boundaries of Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante national monuments, and an even larger proportion supports tribal nations having a role in managing ancestral lands. (news release)
๐Ÿฅต ARIDIFICATION WATCH ๐Ÿซ
  • Wyoming researchers say warm water and drought-reduced streamflows may be behind a kidney-damaging parasite killing hundreds of whitefish in the Salt River this summer. The tributary of the Snake River has experienced some of its lowest flows on record this summer, and it was already plagued with E coli bacteria as a result of heavy livestock grazing in the watershed. (WyoFile)
โ›๏ธ MINING MONITOR โ›๏ธ
  • The Cibola National Forest launches its environmental review of Energy Fuelsโ€™ proposed Roca Honda underground uranium mine on about 370 acres of USFS, state, and private land northeast of Grants, New Mexico, and near the base of Mt. Taylor. Ore would be hauled by truck to the White Mesa Mill in southeastern Utah for processing. Public comments will be accepted here until Oct. 14. (agency news release)
  • IsoEnergy, which owns the Tony M, Dineros, Rim, and Sage Plain uranium mines in southern Utah, agrees to merge with DISA, a startup that looks to use high-pressure slurry ablation technology to pull uranium out of abandoned mine waste piles, to create a โ€œtechnology-enabled US uranium platform for production, processing, and remediation.โ€ DISAโ€™s attempts to process small waste piles in Western Colorado have yet to come to fruition, and Isoโ€™s bid to reopen the Tony M mine near Ticaboo, Utah, has moved forward only in incremental steps. (World Nuclear News)
  • Union Pacific Railroad begins hauling coal from Powder River Basin mines to the Port of Guaymas in Sonora, Mexico, where it could be shipped to Asia. The new export node allows the industry to get around environmental opposition to coal exports along the West Coast, but its viability depends on demand. (Trains)
๐ŸŸ COLORADO RIVER CHRONICLES ๐Ÿ’ง
The less-than-ideal North Wash takeout for boaters running the Colorado River though Cataract Canyon. The planned Hite facilities, located to the right of this image just upstream and opposite the Dirty Devil confluence, would replace the North Wash ramp. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

  • Glen Canyon National Recreation Area moves forward with a plan to develop new low-water boat ramps and other facilities at the Hite and Bullfrog districts on Lake Powell, indicating that the National Park Service expects reservoir levels not to rebound. The Bullfrog ramp is planned for the main channel of the reservoir, southeast of the current facilities, and would be usable for boats up to 125 feet long to a low lake level of 3,450 feet. The Hite ramp would be upstream from the current facilities and is primarily designed as a takeout for Cataract Canyon boaters and a safer alternative to the North Wash takeout on the opposite side of the river. (news release)
The planned Bullfrog low-water boat ramp. Source: NPS.
The planned Hite launch/takeout ramp. Source: NPS

Climate change comes for a Lake Powell marina — Jonathan P. Thompson


  • Arizona officials raise concerns about how the Colorado River crisis might affect its booming semiconductor and chip manufacturing industry, in which a single Phoenix-area facility, known as a โ€œfab,โ€ uses some 4.75 million gallons of water per day. (The Verge)
  • The Bureau of Reclamation again increases water releases from Flaming Gorge Reservoir in an effort to buoy water levels at Lake Powell, but Utah officials warn it is not a sustainable solution and could harm recreation on the upstream reservoir. (KSL)
๐Ÿฆซ WILDLIFE WATCH ๐Ÿฆ…
  • Colorado Parks and Wildlife has euthanized nearly 300 bears so far this yearfollowing โ€œunprecedentedโ€ levels of bear activity in towns across the state, as well as in Wyoming. Bryan Peterson, of Bear Smart Durango, told Cowboy State Daily the conflicts and killings are mostly due to the drought and lack of food sources, but also blamed human carelessness with garbage and food. (Cowboy State Daily, WyoFile)
  • Colorado Parks and Wildlife kills an uncollared female yearling wolf from the One Ear Pack in Grand County after the animal evaded non-lethal deterrents to prey on livestock. (news release)
๐Ÿค– DATA CENTER DIGEST ๐Ÿ‘พ
  • Bureau of Land Management leadership reportedly orders state directors to identify federal parcels suitable for data center development, indicating that the administration is looking to skirt communitiesโ€™ opposition to and ban on the facilities by approving them on nearby public lands. (Washington Sun)
  • Corner Venture Capital applies for an air quality permit for a 300-megawatt natural gas-fired plant to power a proposed hyperscale data center in southwestern New Mexico, raising concerns over air pollution and water use. (Silver City Daily Press, news release)
  • Googleโ€™s proposed 2.7-gigawatt, $17 billion Project Tembo data center complex on 700 acres near Cheyenne, Wyoming, clears local regulatory hurdles, but still has a lot of red tape to tangle with before final approval. The firm says the facilities will use less water-intensive closed-loop cooling systems and draw from deep wells, not surface supplies, and that it will be powered with natural gas fuel cells paired with carbon capture. (Wyoming Tribune Eagle)
๐Ÿ”‹NOTES FROM THE ENERGY TRANSITION ๐Ÿ”Œ
  • Array Technologies opens its $50 million, 200,000-square-foot solar component manufacturing facility in Albuquerque, where it employs about 300 people. (KRQE)
  • Black Hills Energy moves forward with its planned 50-megawatt battery energy storage system at its Pueblo Airport Generating Station in Colorado. (Energy Storage News)
๐Ÿ›ป TRANSPORTATION ๐Ÿš‚
  • Denver West Express pitches a โ€œconceptโ€ of an electric rail line designed to carry skiers from Denver International Airport to the resort town of Avon in less than two hours. The line would cost an estimated $28 billion to $33 billion to construct, but it might go a long ways to alleviate the I-70 ski season gridlock, which makes for one of the nastiest drives in the state โ€” and where high traffic costs about $2.3 billion annually. (Steamboat Pilot)
๐Ÿ“ˆ DATAVIZ OF THE DAY ๐Ÿ“Š

The Land Desk recently reported on how solar, wind, and battery storage is pushing coal off the Westโ€™s power grid, despite the Trump administrationโ€™s hostility toward cleaner energy sources. As of June of this year, the trend appeared to be continuing into the future, as a bulk of the generating capacity in the planning pipeline comes from cleaner sources. Click on the graphics for an interactive view, and specifics on each planned power plant.

President Trump wages war on wolves: Plus, The Land Desk News Ticker — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org) #ColoradoRiver #COriver #aridification

Sign, La Plata County, Colorado. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

September 8, 2026

๐Ÿฆซ WILDLIFE WATCH ๐Ÿฆ…

Just days after President Donald Trump angered U.S. ranchers by waiving tariffs on 300,000 metric tons of foreign beef (and whatever other meat-adjacent-material may pass as beef), he threw the livestock industry a bone by ordering a โ€œreviewโ€ of federal Endangered Species Act protections for gray and Mexican wolves. The order also instructs the Interior Department to push states into removing any state-specific protections and to โ€œrevise their standards for lethal takings of gray wolves and Mexican wolves to assist ranchers in combating predation.โ€

In other words, Trump wants to revive the late 19th and early 20th century campaign to exterminate wild predators to benefit ranchers. Will this please a handful of public lands livestock operators who are ideologically inclined to hate wolves, whether they affect their operations or not? Sure. Will it save the American rancher, or even offset the influx of foreign beef? Nope.

Wolves do kill cattle if they are not adequately protected (and the rancher is compensated for the lost livestock), and they can have other impacts on ranching operations in wild areas. But study after study has shown that other factors โ€” from weather and climate, to sickness and disease โ€” account for a far greater share of cattle and calf mortalities.

This is the administrationโ€™s latest ploy in its quest to boost the number of cattle on public lands. It is also peddling vacated grazing allotments and easing the already decidedly lax regulations on grazing.


Longread: On wolves, wildness, and hope in trying times — Jonathan P. Thompson


  • Federal staffing rosters show the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has lost 36% of its staff under the Trump administration, dripping from 9,957 staffers to 6,333 between 2024 and 2026, likely exacerbating a backlog of Endangered Species Act listing decisions.ย (news release)
Milkweed and sweet peas along the Farmers Ditch in the North Fork Valley (and a reminder that irrigation ditches support more than just crops). Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

๐ŸŸย COLORADO RIVER CHRONICLESย ๐Ÿ’ง

The irrigation canals, laterals, and ditches are going dry in the Colorado Riverโ€™s Upper Basin weeks before the growing season comes to an end, forcing farmers to rely on September rains or their own storage to get their crops to harvest time. It goes to show that even without mandatory cuts, many Upper Basin water users experience water shortages during dry years.

The biggest and latest user to get cut off by low river flows was the Grand Valley Water Users Association, which began drawing down its Government Highline Canal as โ€œthe river flows drop to undeliverable levels.โ€ Flows in that canal fell from almost 1,500 cfs at the end of August to about 725 cfs early this week. The more senior Orchard Mesa Irrigation District and Grand Valley Irrigation Company continued to pull water from the river and deliver it to irrigators.

In the North Fork Valley, all but the most senior ditches were shut off weeks ago, after Paonia Reservoir hit dead pool. And on the Dolores River, even the most senior water rights holders โ€” the Montezuma Valley Irrigation District โ€” lost their water at the beginning of this month. Usually it holds out for at least another couple of weeks. (Other water users received dramatically curtailed amounts throughout the irrigating season).

In the Grand Valley, the canalโ€™s loss was the riverโ€™s gain: The Colorado River near Palisade, after running as low as 42 cfs this summer, bounced back to around 300 cfs at the end of August. A corresponding increase in flow can be seen at the USGS gage1 near Cisco. This little boost, combined with a few intense, but patchy storms, and a slight increase in releases from Flaming Gorge Reservoir, have brought up inflows into Lake Powell, somewhat slowing the drop in surface levels.

Dolores River watershed

The Dolores River, on the other hand, remains virtually dry downstream of McPhee Dam, and McPhee Reservoirโ€™s surface level is currently about 12 feet lower than it was a year ago.


A tale of water inequality in the West — Jonathan P. Thompson, “I wrote the essay [click the link]โ€”about my parentsโ€™ farmโ€™s ditch in the North Fork Valley of Western Coloradoโ€”in 2018, which was one of the regionโ€™s driest years on record. The essay is every bit as pertinent today, an equally dry time for most of the Western Slope, even if some details have changed: My sister owns the farm nowโ€”along with the robust water rightsโ€”โ€ฆ”


  • The Central Arizona Projectโ€™s board of directorsย authorizes its attorneys to take legal action โ€œif necessaryโ€ to protect its allotment of Colorado River against the Bureau of Reclamationโ€™s plans for operating the riverโ€™s infrastructure in the coming decade. The CAP stands to lose the most water under a shortage, as Arizona agreed to junior water rights in exchange for federal funding for the vast plumbing project that delivers river water to the central and southern parts of the state. Nevada already sued the federal government over potential cuts to its share of water.ย (Arizona Republic)
  • Western Colorado anglers and boatersย call on the Bureau of Reclamation to increase water releases from Blue Mesa, Morrow Point, and Crystal Reservoirs to preserve streamflows in the Gunnison River in the Black Canyon, the Gunnison Gorge, and further downstream, saying the decision to reduce releases to protect reservoir levels has โ€œexerted a toll on a vital and cherished natural resource.โ€ย (Aspen Journalism)

๐Ÿค–ย DATA CENTER WATCHย ๐Ÿ‘พ

  • The Big Data Center Buildup drives up electricity demandย in Wyoming and spurs a wave of proposed gas plants, some of which would serve the grid and others dedicated to powering server farm facilities.ย (WyoFile)

โ›๏ธย MINING MONITORย โ›๏ธ

  • The Southern Ute Indian Tribe says it will pull out all of the stops to block potential mining projectsย in the La Plata Mountains in southwestern Colorado, adding to the list of entities opposing Metallic Mineralsโ€™ย exploratory drilling projectย on the western side of the range.ย (Durango Herald)
  • New Mexico Land Commissioner Stephanie Garcia Richardย puts state trust lands off-limits to new uranium mining leases, and orders her office to instead focus on cleaning up the more than 1,000 former uranium mining-related sites in the state. The order does not affect private or federal lands.ย (news release)
  • Anfield Energy looks to raise at least $50 millionย to finance its plan to refurbish and reopen the Shootaring uranium mill โ€” which has been idle since 1982 โ€” near Ticaboo, Utah. Anfield is the firm behind the Velvet-Wood uranium mine in the Lisbon Valley and has designs on mining near Slick Rock, Colorado.ย (Northern Miner)

๐ŸŒตย PUBLIC LANDSย ๐ŸŒฒ

  • A federal judge temporarily blocks the Trump administrationโ€™s effortย to evict bison from public lands in Montana, finding that the Bureau of Land Managementโ€™s decision to kick the animals off American Prairie-held grazing leases was likely โ€œarbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, and otherwise not in accordance with the law.โ€ย (Public Domain)
  • The U.S. Department of Agriculture releases its final Forest Service reorganization plan, which includes moving the headquarters to Salt Lake City and shuttering 23 facilities nationwide, including four in California, one in New Mexico, and one in Oregon, with the remainder being in non-Western states. The USDA says โ€œless than 200โ€ of the agencyโ€™s 30,000 employees are expected to need to relocate, mostly from Washington, D.C. to Fort Collins, Salt Lake City, or a newly established center.ย (news release,ย OPB)
  • The Center for Western Priorities fact-checks Interior Secretary Doug Burgumโ€™s numerous erroneous statements about the administrationโ€™s dramatic reduction of Grand Staircase-Escalante and Bears Ears National Monuments, finding that on this topic (and others) the cabinet member is a serial liar.ย (Westwise)

๐Ÿ ย RANDOM REAL ESTATE ROOMย ๐Ÿค‘

  • Anita Verma-Lallian, a real estate investor who made her name buying and selling multi-million-dollar Phoenix-area properties for data centers, unveils a plan for a massive development in Tonopah, Arizona. Tentative plans for the $6 billion to $10 billion development include a movie studio, amusement park, hotels, retail, and a data center complex. The property is adjacent to one where Bill Gatesโ€™ investment firm is planning a โ€œfuturistic smart city.โ€ย (Phoenix Business Journal via KTAR)

๐Ÿ›ปย TRANSPORTATIONย ๐Ÿš‚

  • The Utah Department of Transportation completes the $152 million Energy Corridorย highway improvement project on State Routes 162 and 262 in San Juan County. The routes pass through the Aneth Oil Field and could potentially be used for uranium ore haul trucks traveling from New Mexico mines to the White Mesa Mill near Blanding.ย (ABC4)

๐Ÿคฏย ANNALS OF INANITYย ๐Ÿคก

  • When will it stop!?!ย Amid a flurry of inane, bizarre, and cognitively-impaired social media posts, President Donald Trump on Sunday suggested New Mexicoโ€™s name should be changed to โ€œNew America.โ€ย ย (CNN)

๐Ÿ“ˆย TODAYโ€™s DATAVIZย ๐Ÿ“Š

Are coal and electricity consumption getting back together? For the latter half of the 20th century, U.S. coal consumption climbed in tandem with electricity demand: As Americans used more power, more coal was burned to generate that power, and vice versa. In 2008, electricity demand plummeted due to the financial crisis, dragging coal consumption down with it. 

While electricity demand rebounded along with the economy, and then plateaued, coal-burning continued dropping precipitously; the two phenomena had been decoupled from one another. But over the last three years electricity demand has shot back up, in large part due to data centersโ€™ guzzling up a lot of power, but also because of electrification of transportation and buildings, and an increasing need for air-conditioning to fend off rising temperatures. And last year the electric power sectorโ€™s coal consumption shot back up as well. Is the decoupling being undone? Or is this just a minor blip? Only time will tell.

Dataviz by the Land Desk using stats from the Energy Information Administration.
๐Ÿ“ธ PARTING SHOT ๐ŸŽž๏ธ
Continuing with the opening theme โ€ฆ Sign near Bowie, Colorado. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

1 Yes, I use the archaic โ€œgageโ€ instead of โ€œgaugeโ€ when referring to USGS streamflow monitors, not just because Iโ€™m archaic, but because thatโ€™sย what the USGS does.

Political theater at the Ray Nixon plant: Energy secretary Wright, Rep. Jeff Crank and Rep. Gabe Evans make the case that #coal keeps the lights on and electricity affordable. To make that case they must be selective in their facts — Allen Best (BigPivots.com)

Ray Nixon Power Plant. Photo credit: Colorado Springs Utilities

Click the link to read the article on the Big Pivots website (Allen Best):

September 8, 2026

U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright was at a coal plant near Colorado Springs last Friday to talk about the virtues of coal. Itโ€™s what keeps the lights on, you know, and itโ€™s not expensive, not like renewables.

To make those claims, as he did in not so many words, he had to stubbornly turn a blind eye to another coal plant not more than 30 miles away. Comanche 3, the stateโ€™s youngest and largest coal plant, went down on Aug. 12, 2025, and hasnโ€™t produced electricity since then.

Wright is the front man for President Donald Trumpโ€™s alliance with fossil fuel companies. It would seem to be a comfortable fit for Wright. Until he joined Trumpโ€™s team, Wright was CEO of Liberty, an oil and gas field services company based in Denver that he founded. While there, Wright consistently argued that while human-caused climate change was real, it was a distant threat. Far more important, he said, was to elevate the worldโ€™s living standard.

After he joined Trumpโ€™s cabinet, Wright went about implementing Trumpโ€™s order that fossil fuel plants should not be retired. First in 2025 was a coal plant in Michigan. On Dec. 30, he issued another order, this one for Craig No. 1. The coal-burning unit began production in 1980 and was scheduled to formally be retired on New Yearโ€™s Eve 2025.

Wrightโ€™s order cited several reasons that added up to an emergency. Collectively they fell under the heading of worries about resource adequacy in the regional grid.

Tri-State Generation and Transmission, the operator and part owner, said it didnโ€™t need the electricity. Ditto for another part owner, Fort Collins-based Platte River Power Authority. The plant has three other part owners, including Xcel Energy.

As for the emergency, how severe was it? Not so much. Sources tell Big Pivots that the plant has been operated about three weeks since January, most of that time during April. That was just after Southwest Power Pool launched its electricity-sharing regional market, the West Balancing Authority Area.

On Aug. 20, the day this photograph was taken (and a particularly hot day it was), only one of the three units at Craig Generating Station appeared to be in use. Photo/Allen Best

Resumed electrical production Craig No. 1 has been in response to SPPโ€™s level 1 resource advisories, which do not suggest imminent threat to reliability.

Since that order from Wright last December, he has reissued the three-month emergency orders twice more, again in late March and late June.

The irony of Wrightโ€™s order for Craig last December was immediately noted by the team of Gov. Jared Polis. The 427-megawatt coal plant ordered to be available for the emergency had broken down about 10 days before.

Of course coal plants keep the lights on! Except when they donโ€™t!

As for Comanche 3, the giant coal plant at Pueblo, it has literally been down for 25% of the time since operations began in July 2010. โ€œIt has been reliably unreliable,โ€ says Danny Katz, the executive director of the Colorado Public Interest Research Group. CoPIRG and other groups are arguing that Xcel, the company, and not its customers should be saddled with the repair costs of Comanche 3 or the replacement costs for purchasing power. Those costs also included bringing an older coal unit, Comanche 2, out of retirement.

The Nixon plant that Wright toured along with two members of Congress from Colorado has no blatant problems comparable to those of Comanche 3. It was to have been closed in 2029, but Colorado legislators this past session agreed to give Colorado Springs Utilities, the owner, a pass. It is now scheduled to be closed by 2032. That would make it, according to current schedules, the last in Colorado.

So what exactly is the fuss about?

In statements issued after their tour, Wright and the two congressmen he had in tow โ€” Rep. Jeff Crank and Rep. Gabe Evans โ€” emphasized the reliability of coal and the cost of renewable energy.

โ€œCoal has powered American prosperity for generations and continues to provide the reliable, around-the-clock electricity our grid needs,โ€ said Wright in a statement. โ€œThe Trump administration is committed to adding reliable power to the grid, not prematurely shutting down generation that is already keeping the lights on.โ€

U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright, right, and U.S. Rep. Gave Evans answer questions after an event held in Thornton during June. Photo/Allen Best

Evans, a former police officer in Arvada, calls Fort Lupton home. Early in his first term in Congress, he showed up at solar farms to get his photo taken. In at least three appearances with Wright so far this year, it has become evident that Evans has learned to talk the fossil fuels language more purely.

โ€œDenver Democrats spent years attacking reliable coal generation, only to run headfirst into reality: you cannot shut down dependable baseload power without something ready to replace it,โ€ said Evans in the statement issued after the tour.

โ€œKeeping Ray Nixon online longer will protect grid reliability and save ratepayers hundreds of millions of dollars. With electricity demand skyrocketing, Colorado needs more safe, affordable, reliable energy โ€“ not political mandates that take power off the grid and leave families paying the price.โ€

As for Crank, he played the party line in the Colorado Springs version. โ€œColoradoโ€™s burdensome energy mandates continue to cost our region, not only with higher utility bills but they also threaten our national security assets,โ€ he said.

Itโ€™s all political theater, but exactly to what purpose?

The harder question is why Colorado Springs needed to keep Ray Nixon operating longer than planned. And also, whether keeping this coal plant operating is better than building a new gas plant, as Wright told reporters, according to a report in the Colorado Springs Gazette. And a new wild card of the last two years is what exactly data centers will need โ€” and under what terms.

As for utility costs, they are indeed rising. But why? Thatโ€™s a complicated story. What can be said is that renewable energy comes in cheapest, but transmission is a pickle, and we do have supply chain issues.

What also must be said is that Holy Cross Energy, the Glenwood Springs-based electrical cooperative, has consistently had among the stateโ€™s lowest electrical rates even as it stretches to decarbonize. Through July, it was at 87% renewable energy for the year.

Granted, itโ€™s easier to pivot when youโ€™re a smaller dancer. Holy Cross has 58,000 meters compared to the 264,000 of Colorado Springs Utilities or the 1.6 meters of Xcel Energy in Colorado. And in an ironic footnote, Holy Cross actually has an 8% ownership interest in Comanche 3.

Whether Wrightโ€™s emergency orders for Craig No. 1 were legal are yet to be resolved. Environmental groups and others argue that the orders issued by Wright go beyond what the federal law passed by Congress in 1935 (and amended twice since then) allowed. A federal judge heard the case involving the Michigan plant in May but has not issued a ruling. That ruling, whatever it is, almost certainly will have bearing on the orders for Craig.

To be clear, this pivot from fossil fuels to non-emitting sources of electricity is not an easy one. It might yet get expensive. Also be clear that the story told at the Ray Nixon plant was political theater, nothing more.

Credit: Jonathan P. Thompson/The Land Desk

President Trump looks to motorize public lands: Also — Bears Ears/GSENM lawsuits; data center halted — for now; Navajo coal mine approval; More — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org)

Debris from the Bright Angel flash flood event in the Grand Canyon. Photo taken the next morning, August 30, 2026. Source: Grand Canyon National Park.

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

September 4, 2026

๐ŸŒต Public Lands ๐ŸŒฒ

The Trump administration continues its crusade to make Americaโ€™s public lands motorized again. This time itโ€™s the Forest Service launching a revamp of its travel management rule by โ€œsimplifying regulatory requirementsโ€ to โ€œincrease access, including for motorized vehicles, e-bikes, and other mobility devices.โ€ The move follows, and is an attempt to implement, President Donald Trumpโ€™s rollback this summer of Nixon-era restrictions on off-highway vehicles on public lands. Comments are being accepted on the proposal until Sept. 23.

This rule would bolster the administrationโ€™s rollback this summer of the 2001 Roadless Rule, which prohibits roadbuilding and commercial timber operations โ€” with exceptions โ€” on 45 million acres of National Forest lands.

The current action starts the process of developing an environmental impact statement, which will give more specific details. But the notice of intent gives an overall look at what the administration proposes. Most basically, it aims to open the door for individual forests to relax motorized travel restrictions and open currently closed areas to the vehicles. The โ€œpublic access rule,โ€ as theyโ€™re calling it, would:

  • โ€œโ€ฆ establish a presumption that existing roads, trails, airfields, trailheads, and other access routes and points on NFS lands are open to appropriate public use,โ€ unless the closure is required by law (or other specific reasons). This is a switch from the current โ€œclosed unless designated openโ€ policy to an โ€œopen unless closedโ€ framework, with possibly dramatic effects.
  • โ€œ โ€ฆ establish a requirement to consider new roads, trails, airfields, trailheads, and other access routes and points where appropriate to increase access.โ€ย This appears to be aimed at optimizing, if you will, the Roadless Rule rollback by encouraging new roadbuilding.
  • โ€œโ€ฆ establish processes and conditions for authorizing limited off-route motor vehicle and other motorized equipment use for, among other things, downed big-game retrieval, firewood collection, dispersed camping, and for designating areas for over-snow and other motorized recreation.โ€ย This oneโ€™s pretty scary, because it would open the door to allowing OHVs or snowmobiles to drive just about anywhere in a forest (except in designated wilderness areas).

You have until Sept. 23 to weigh in on the proposal. To do so electronically (preferred)through the Federal eRulemaking Portal, go toย https://www.regulations.gov, docket number FS-2026-0100, and look for the COMMENT button. Or send snail mail to: Director, Public Benefits, 201 14th Street SW, Public Benefits Office, Washington, DC 20250.


The arrogance of the off-road vehicle lobby — Jonathan P. Thompson


Upper White Canyon and tributaries and Bears Ears in the clouds. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

Several tribal nations, advocacy groups, and Patagonia have filed lawsuits โ€” and/or revived dormant ones โ€” seeking to block President Donald Trumpโ€™s proclamations this summer shrinking Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monuments. The legal argument behind the lawsuits is clear and potent: The 1906 Antiquities Act authorizes presidents to establish national monuments, but not to shrink or revoke them. Therefore Trumpโ€™s 2017 and 2026 shrinkages are illegal and should not stand.

History backs the plaintiffs. In 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to revoke the Castle Pinckney National Monument, a former military installation in South Carolina. His attorney generalโ€™s analysis, however, determined that the Antiquities Act โ€œdoes not authorize [the President] to abolish [national monuments] after they have been established.โ€ FDR, respecting the rule of law, let the monument stand. Eventually, Congress, which does have the power to alter national monuments, voted to revoke national monument status for the site.

In 2017, a quartet of legal scholars, including Mark Squillace, of the University of Colorado Law School, published their own analysis in the Virginia Law Review. They, too, found that in 1906 Congress did not delegate to the president the authority to downsize or abolish a national monument or weaken the protections granted by the original national monument proclamation. Furthermore, the Federal Land Policy Management Act of 1976 clarified that only Congress has the power to modify or revoke a national monument.

The cases likely will take years to wend their way through the courts, and may ultimately lead to a U.S. Supreme Court ruling on the power of the Antiquities Act.


Boaters on the Colorado River a few miles downstream from Glen Canyon Dam. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

๐ŸŒจ๏ธ๐Ÿฆฆ๐Ÿšฃ๐Ÿฝย Water Watchย ๐ŸŒŠ

While climate change-exacerbated drought most notably diminishes the amount of water in rivers, it also raises the temperature of streams, which is especially problematic for fish and other aquatic life. The Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, which includes the long stretch through the Grand Canyon, is warming up fast.

When the river stalls out and becomes Lake Powell, the reservoirโ€™s surface just sits in the sun and bakes, while the deeper waters remain chilly. Some fish, like non-native smallmouth bass prefer the warm water, and stay near the surface. When the reservoir is full, the depth of the water at the penstock intakes โ€” where released water exits the dam โ€” is too cold for the bass, so they arenโ€™t likely to escape the reservoir into the river below. But as the surface level drops, the depth of the water at the penstock intakes on the dam decreases, meaning that the water released through the damโ€™s turbines and into the river below gets increasingly warmer โ€” and is more likely to include warm-water fish.

Currently, Lake Powellโ€™s surface is a mere 28 feet above the penstock intakes, meaning the released water is warm and includes a lot of bass. This, in turn, warms up the river below, making it more favorable to the invading bass, which prey on and compete with endangered native fish. Meanwhile, the warmer water stresses the trout, potentially harming the recreational fishery between Lees Ferry and the dam.

So in 2024 as it became clear low reservoir levels were chronic, the Bureau of Reclamation began doing โ€œcool-flow mixes.โ€ When the river water temperature downstream of the dam hit 59.9ยฐ F, dam operators would begin releasing cooler water from the lower river outlet tubes. This dropped the river temperature enough to help downstream fish, and hurt the bass.

This year, however, the feds halted the cool flow mixes to ensure that all releases go through the turbines and generate hydropower. The Grand Canyon Trust built a niftyย online gadgetย that shows the consequences, which arenโ€™t good: The water temperature at the monitor just below Soap Creek Rapid in the Grand Canyon soared above 70ยฐ F during the waning days of August, and has been above the cool-mix threshold for 78 days this year so far. Click on theย interactive graphย to see how water temperatures have changed over the years โ€” and how well the cool-mix flows worked in 2024 and 2025.

๐Ÿค– Data Center Watch ๐Ÿ‘พ

The first data center project on public lands has been halted โ€” for now.

On Tuesday, the Interior Board of Land Appeals granted a stay on the Townsite Solar 2โ€™s planned data center on federal land near Boulder City, Nevada, blocking further development while legal challenges are considered. The order also expedites consideration of the appeals filed by environmental groups and the city.

In 2023, the Bureau of Land Management authorized Townsite Solar 2 to develop a solar-plus-storage installation on public land in southern Nevada. Then, in November 2025, before beginning construction on the solar facility, the firm requested an amendment to its right of way that instead would allow it to develop a hyperscale data center, a 70-megawatt battery energy storage system, a substation, and biodiesel generators on the same site. The BLM approved the amendment without conducting a new environmental review or public scoping after determining that the new project โ€œis substantially the sameโ€ as the former one.

Both the Biden and Trump II administrations proposed opening national laboratories and other federal properties to data center development. However, this was the first such project to be approved for BLM land.

Boulder City, the Center for Biological Diversity, and the Sierra Clubย appealedย the approval and requested the stay, arguing that the agency failed to adequately consider the data centerโ€™s potential impacts. The boardโ€™s ruling notes, โ€œAppellants are likely to prevail on that question because the two projects are not โ€˜substantially the same.โ€™โ€ The board also determined the appellants โ€œdemonstrated that permanent and irreparable harm is likely to occur to its membersโ€™ aesthetic and recreational interests in the project site.โ€


โ›๏ธ Mining Monitor โ›๏ธ

Federal regulators on Tuesday approved the Navajo Transitional Energy Companyโ€™s proposed Navajo Mine expansion, authorizing the tribal-owned company to extract some 503 million tons of coal over the next 110 years. Yes, you read that right: The coal industry may be in decline, but these folks just got permitted to keep digging up the dirty fuel for over a century more, despite strong opposition from residents and advocacy groups.

The surface mine sits on the Navajo Nation north of Burnham and about 22 miles southwest of Farmington, New Mexico. It was built in the 1960s to serve the nearby Four Corners Power Plant, and remains the facilityโ€™s sole fuel provider.

NTEC says it needs the expansion to continue serving the plant until its closure; its primary owner, Arizona Public Service, plans to shutter the facility by 2041. After that the firm, which also owns coal mines in the Powder River Basin, would apparently try to peddle Navajo Mine coal elsewhere.

This has set off alarm bells for anyone concerned about the landscapes and air quality of the Four Corners region. Not only would the mine tear apart another 9,000 acres of land, displace residents and dwellings, and destroy dozens of historic cultural properties, but that coal would also be burned somewhere, releasing climate-warming and health-harming pollutants in the process. Also concerning is the prospect that the Four Corners plant, which has sullied the regionโ€™s air for more than 60 years, would continue operating indefinitely.

***

The San Carlos Apache Tribe, the Center for Biological Diversity, and the Lower San Pedro Watershed Alliance have filed a lawsuit seeking to stop further exploratory drilling or other development at Faradayโ€™s proposed Copper Creek mining project. The groups accuse the Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service of failing to consider drillingโ€™s impacts on endangered Mexican spotted owls that are known to inhabit the area.

The mine is proposed for about 78 square kilometers in the Galiuro Mountains east of Mammoth, Arizona, on private, state, and Bureau of Land Management parcels. Last June, the Bureau of Land Management approved Faradayโ€™s plan to construct 67 drill pads, along with associated roads and infrastructure, and the company recently completed the first round of water-intensive drilling.

The complaint also says the BLM failed to consult with the San Carlos Apache Tribe, as required under theย National Historic Preservation Act.


The water footprint of Arizona’s copper mines — Jonathan P. Thompson


๐Ÿ“ธย Parting Shotย ๐ŸŽž๏ธ

Desert water and smoky sunset. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

Glen Canyon Dam hydropower: What’s it good for? Plus: A deeper look at the West’s energy mix — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org)

Transmission towers and wires leading to Glen Canyon Damโ€™s powerplant. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

August 14, 2026

๐ŸŸย Colorado River Chroniclesย ๐Ÿ’ง

Glen Canyon Dam truly is a monumental structure, a 726-foot tall, 5-million-cubic-yard concrete plug that attempts to control and harness the tempestuous waters of the mighty Colorado River. It and the reservoir behind it serve as a water savings account that helps the Upper Basin states comply with the Colorado River Compact during dry years; they capture millions of tons of silt each year that would otherwise flow downstream and fill up Lake Mead; they provide a surface on which boaters can play; and the damโ€™s hydroelectric turbines are among the Westโ€™s largest power plants.

Now climate change-induced aridification and overconsumption has muddled the damโ€™s ability to serve its intended purposes aside from silt capture. Its savings are depleted, many of the boat ramps are unusable, and hydropower production has declined along with reservoir water levels.

The Bureau of Reclamation is now struggling to keep the dam viable, sort of, by trying to keep Lake Powellโ€™s surface level from falling below 3,500 feet. This avoids reliance on the lower river outlet works, which are not designed for sustained use. But it also allows the dam to continue producing electricity.

Keeping the turbines turning is one of the main reasons the feds give for not even considering the proposal to reengineer the dam โ€” either by fixing the river outlet works or boring a bypass tunnel through the canyon walls โ€” to allow water releases at low reservoir levels. While it would give a lot more flexibility to dam operators and give โ€œlifeโ€ to currently โ€œdeadโ€ storage, it would also zero out the hydropower production upon which, according to the Bureau of Reclamation and media reports, some 5 million people rely. Maximizing hydropower production is also the Bureauโ€™s justification for ending cool mix releases aimed at mitigating smallmouth bass infestations downstream. This imperils both stocked and native endangered fish in the Colorado River.

This raises the question: What is the deal with hydropower and Glen Canyon Dam? And is it really that important to the Western power grid?

A visual look at Glen Canyon and Hoover Damโ€™s 2025 energy output compared to other generators in the Southwest (CA, NV, UT, CO, AZ, NM). Click here for an interactive look. Source: Land Desk dataviz using EIA data.

Eight generators sit at the toe of the dam, fueled by water channeled from the reservoir through the damโ€™s eight penstocks. Each generator has a nameplate capacity, or maximum rated output, of 165,000 kW, or 165 MW, for a total generating capacity of 1,320 MW, on a par with a large coal power plant (the Four Corners plant has a 1,540-MW capacity). In other words Glen Canyon Dam is a big power plant.

But capacity is really just potential, and what really counts is how completely and in what manner the power plant lives up to its potential. In that respect, Glen Canyon Dam has been a bit of a slacker lately.

That 1,320 MW of capacity is only true when the reservoir is at full pool, or 3,700 feet, when the water pressure needed to turn the turbines is at its highest level. As Lake Powellโ€™s water levels drop, so does the hydroelectric โ€œhead,โ€ or the vertical distance that the water falls, along with the water pressure. When the reservoir is full, or the level is at 3,700 feet, it takes about 1.9 acre-feet of water to generate 1 megawatt-hour of energy. At 3,500 feet, it takes 2.9 acre-feet to generate the same amount of electricity. As a result, at the reservoirโ€™s current level (approx. 3,520 feet), the damโ€™s power plant has a capacity of just about 730 MW.

As the reservoirโ€™s surface level drops, so too does water pressure, which in turn diminishes the turbineโ€™s power capacity. The reservoirโ€™s pool elevation sat just above 3,520 feet on August 13, 2026. Source: Bureau of Reclamation.

Naturally, a power plantโ€™s output is also going to be determined by how much fuel you feed it, which in this case is water run through the penstocks, or releases from the dam. Back in the 1980s, when the reservoir was full (and then some), Glen Canyon Damโ€™s annual output was nearly 9 million megawatt-hours, or enough to power about 869,000 average American households for one year. But in 2025, it only produced 2.75 million megawatt-hours, or enough to power 269,370 homes. This yearโ€™s output will be considerably lower, since both reservoir levels (and thus, generating capacity) and dam releases have dropped significantly.

Glen Canyon Damโ€™s electricity production varies according to reservoir levels and releases through the penstocks/turbines. Source: Western Area Power Administration.

It throws the claims that some 5 million people rely on the power plant into dubious light, but it is still a lot of energy: Last year, Glen Canyon Dam had the 15th largest output among the Southwestโ€™s hundreds of utility-scale power plants. But its output is dwarfed by Palo Verde nuclear plantโ€™s 31.2 million megawatt-hours annually. Even Four Corners coal plant, which shuttered two of its units a decade ago, still puts out more than 8 million megawatt-hours per year, three times that of Glen Canyon. (Hoover Dam has a higher nameplate capacity than Glen Canyon, but its 2025 output was about the same as Glen Canyonโ€™s).

Glen Canyon Dam is the largest generator in the Colorado River Storage Project, which is a part of the federal Western Area Power Administrationโ€™s Salt Lake City Area/Integrated Projects. WAPA markets the power from these projects at relatively low rates to about 140 municipalities, cooperatives, tribal nations, irrigation districts, and utilities across the West. Last yearโ€™s power sale revenues from WAPAโ€™s SLCA projects totaled almost $179 million, money that goes into the Basin Fund, and then is used to operate the dams and other infrastructure, to purchase replacement power, to pay off debt, and to fund endangered species programs.

A hydropower damโ€™s value goes beyond its ability to produce a steady stream of energy and revenue. The power grid must stay in balance at all times, meaning that supply โ€” or generation โ€” must always be equal to demand. Throw off the balance and you risk a cascading failure that can lead to wide scale outages. Hydropower is super flexible, meaning a turbineโ€™s output can be ramped up or down quickly by simply changing the amount of water entering the penstock. As more and more solar and wind, or variable renewable resources, are added to the grid, balancing the ups and downs becomes more challenging, making flexible tools like hydropower more critical.

In theory, Glen Canyon Damโ€™s operators could hold back water throughout the middle of the day, when electricity demand is lower and solar output is highest, and then open up the penstocks full blast in the late afternoon and evening, when solar drops off and the air-conditioners come on, driving up electricity demand, or load. Similarly, they could fire up the turbines, so to speak, if another power plant on the grid malfunctioned.

For the first 30 years of its existence, Glen Canyon Damโ€™s operators were fairly free to operate the power plant as a sort of grid-balancing peaker plant. On one July day in 1989, for example, the operators choked off flows to the turbines in the early morning hours when power demand was low, so that about 3,471 cubic feet of water per second was running through the dam at 5 a.m., a virtual trickle for the Colorado. As the day heated up and power demand climbed (there was barely any solar on the grid back then), they cranked up the amount of water flowing through the turbines and into the river to a monstrous 29,000 cfsโ€”the maximum possible flow through the turbinesโ€”to inject a bunch of juice into the grid.

This was good for the grid, and good for revenues from power sales, since energy costs more during peak demand. It wasnโ€™t so good for the river downstream or the folks who were using it, however. Imagine being a rafter on the Grand Canyon and watching the mighty Colorado shrink to less than 4,000 cfs, before growing more than eight times that in just 12 hours. That could wreak some serious havoc on oneโ€™s trip and, I imagine, a fishโ€™s mojo.

Dam operators at the time wanted to further optimize this grid-balancing ability by installing turbines in the river outlet works so they could release more water and generate more power (and create even greater flow fluctuations downstream). The proposal was not only shot down, but also set off a string of events that ultimately led to the 1992 Grand Canyon Protection Act and the damโ€™s adaptive management program, which mandate minimum and maximum release rates and limit release fluctuation rates to protect Colorado River recreation and ecosystems downstream of the dam. The dam still serves as a grid-balancing tool, with releases and power generation peaking in the afternoon and reaching their low point in the early morning hours. But its effectiveness has been eroded by both the restrictions and by reduced capacity resulting from lower water levels.

Glen Canyon Dam is less and less critical to the Southwestern power grid with each passing year, and its importance is likely to continue to decline as aridification continues to rob it of its ability to produce power, and as more battery storage comes online to take up its grid-balancing role.

If and when Glen Canyon Dam loses its ability to produce power, it wonโ€™t result in millions of people sitting around in the dark with non-functioning air-conditioners. Nor will it bring back shuttered coal plants. The coal-fired Navajo Generating Station just up the road from Glen Canyon Dam put out more than 17 million MWh annually; it shut down in 2019 without crashing the grid or even causing noticeable strain. Same goes for the San Juan and Cholla coal plants.

Back in 2013 the San Onofre nuclear plant near San Diego shut down with little warning due to safety concerns. In the immediate aftermath, natural gas generation spiked as grid operators scrambled to replace the lost generation. But over time, as solar and wind and battery storage capacity was added to the stateโ€™s grid, the surge in gas generation subsided. Something similar โ€” although at a much smaller scale โ€” is likely to happen when Glen Canyon goes offline.

Which makes one wonder: Is it really worth it for the feds to expend so much energy and resources, to imperil downstream recreation and endangered fish, and cause so much Lower Basin gnashing of teeth and wringing of hands and possibly filing of lawsuits, to preserve a dam that just isnโ€™t doing what it was intended to? [ed. emphasis mine]


As long as weโ€™re talking energy generation, I figured Iโ€™d give a little bit of a wider โ€” and not quite as positive โ€” view of the Westโ€™s energy generation and the transition. You may remember that last week I delivered the good news about solar taking over the grid โ€” for the month of May. When you look at the same stats over the entire year of 2025, it doesnโ€™t look quite so rosy, since natural gas generation clearly dominates the grid, at least for now. 

In search of some salvation, I went back to 2007 to make a comparison. Back then coal was king of the Western grid (with natural gas as queen), and solar was basically non-existent. 

These graphics are available as interactive visualizations with a lot more information on every generator at Tableau. Unfortunately, I still donโ€™t know how to embed them into Substack so that you can view them in situ. For a better view, click on the image or link in each caption.

In 2025, natural gas generation dominated the Western grid, with hydropower and solar rounding out the top three. Coal and wind are in a virtual tie for fourth place. Source: Land Desk dataviz made with EIA data.
This viz shows all of the generators of each kind on the Western grid sized in proportion to 2025 output. You can see that nuclear power plants are big, but few in number; solar plants are generally smaller and spread out. Source: Land Desk dataviz made with EIA data.
Looking at 2007, one can see the massive decline in coal-fired generation over the last couple of decades and the big buildup of solar. Most of the lost coal generation was replaced by solar and wind, not natural gas. Source: Land Desk dataviz using EIA data.
A look at the coal generators shows just how many huge coal plants have retired since 2007: e.g. Navajo, San Juan, Cholla, Centralia. Also note in the nuclear section that San Onofre is also gone. Source: Land Desk dataviz using EIA data.

The energy transition persists, in spite of Trump — Jonathan P. Thompson


Good news! The energy transition persists, in spite of President Trump: #Solar is gaining ground on Western states’ grids — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org)

A pronghorn hangs out among Wyoming wind turbines. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

August 7, 2026

๐ŸŒž Good News! ๐Ÿ˜Ž

Itโ€™s safe to say that the Trump administration has been waging a war on solar and wind energy, both to spite its political adversaries and to bolster the fossil fuel industries.

After all, it froze utility-scale solar and wind permitting on public lands; cut federal tax incentives for both utility-scale and rooftop solar; clawed back federal grants for clean energy manufacturing, transmission upgrades, and climate programs; spent $4 billion (so far) in taxpayer funds to pay offshore wind developers to give up their leases; and halted Defense Department reviews of proposed onshore wind developments, thus stalling them indefinitely. That an administration is actively quashing new energy development even as it declares an โ€œenergy emergencyโ€ to try to prop up the dying coal industry and further pad petroleum corporationsโ€™ pockets is especially absurd.

The data show, however, that Trumpโ€™s war on clean energy isnโ€™t going much better than the fight he picked with Iran. For one thing, courts keep slapping down many of his initiatives because, well, theyโ€™re illegal. More than that, though, solar and wind generation are making big gains on many stateโ€™s electrical grids and, in some cases, are outpacing both coal and natural gas generation, even in fossil fuel strongholds.

Thatโ€™s in part because there were a lot of projects in the pipeline when Trump took office, such as Pattern Energyโ€™s massive SunZia wind power facility in eastern New Mexico, which added a whopping 3.65 gigawatts to the grid when it came online a couple of months ago. Developers have also been scrambling to get projects built before the federal incentives expire, bringing more capacity online. And, even though federal land permitting has slowed, developers have been bringing new projects online on private land, including fallowed farm fields, with surprising frequency.

And thereโ€™s a lot more of that on its way: The Westlands Water District in California is moving forward with its Valley Clean Infrastructure Plan, which will develop a 20-gigawatt solar and battery storage project on more than 100,000 acres of water-constrained ag land in the Central Valley. As Land Desk reader Fred Porter often preaches, these increasingly arid times call for farmers to: โ€œStop irrigating, plant solar, harvest electrons.โ€

By putting these huge installations on already disturbed former farmland, it reduces the pressure to put them on more sensitive, ecologically rich public lands. Less irrigating will leave more water in the rivers. As solar and wind displace coal and natural gas generation, theyโ€™ll also reduce the need for water in those thermal power plants. And, generating more power will offset the electrons lost if/when hydropower generation stops at Glen Canyon Dam and/or Hoover Dam.

For the blurbs below, Iโ€™ve used a snapshot of energy use by state in May of this year, mostly because thatโ€™s the most recent data available for all of these states. Keep in mind that electricity demand, and the output of various energy sources, varies from month to month. May is a good month for solar because the sunโ€™s shining, the days are long, and the sky is not obscured by wildfire smoke. Meanwhile, itโ€™s usually not hot enough yet for air-conditioning-related demand spikes. 

Iโ€™ve only included energy sources that provided 1% or more of a stateโ€™s total electricity use that month. In the states below, โ€œother renewablesโ€ is geothermal…

California, as one might expect, is leading the clean energy charge. In May of this year, solar generation accounted for 51% of Californiaโ€™s total electricity production,ย a new world recordย (wind accounted for another 8%). Meanwhile, fossil fuels โ€” which in California means natural gas โ€” provided less than 15% of the stateโ€™s power in May. Hydropower, nuclear, and biofuels filled in the remaining 26%. A surge in grid-scale battery energy storage capacity in the state over the last few years has helped smooth out theย solar โ€œduck curveโ€; plentiful afternoon solar tops off the batteries, which can then discharge in the evening when solar drops off. There are still challenges, however: Californiaโ€™s grid operator continues toย curtail solar generation, meaning it forces arrays to shut down or to pay other states to take it, because at times thereโ€™s more solar output than the grid can handle.

  • Solar: 51%
  • Gas: 15%
  • Hydro: 12%
  • Wind: 8%
  • Nuclear: 8%
  • Other renewables: 5%

Arizona should be the leader in solar, given how sunny it is, but its clean energy progress has been hampered by Trumpian state lawmakers and utility regulators, who tend to favor fossil fuels for reasons that confound me (I have no idea how energy sources became partisan or why). Still, solar is making huge gains, providing about 27% of the stateโ€™s electricity in May, compared to just 12% in 2021. Thatโ€™s about the same share as nuclearโ€™s, which is somewhat remarkable given that the state is home to the Palo Verde Nuclear Plant. 

Salt River Project, the utility that serves most of the Phoenix metro area, continues to add both solar and battery storage. Meanwhile, Arizona Public Service plans to convert its currently shuttered Cholla coal plant near Holbrook to run on natural gas. This was one of the coal plants Trump said would reopen as part of his coal-fetish initiatives. It did not reopen, at least not to burn coal.

  • Gas: 34%
  • Solar: 27%
  • Nuclear: 27%
  • Wind: 4%
  • Hydro: 4%
  • Coal: 4%

Colorado. Just a decade ago, coal-fired generation dominated Coloradoโ€™s grid, accounting for about 50% of all generation in 2016. Stronger clean energy policies and the rising cost of coal has unseated the dirty fuel, with wind power taking over the top spot. Coalโ€™s decline, however, has been slowed in the state by Trump administration orders blocking planned plant retirements, and by projections of data center-driven electricity demand increases.

  • Wind: 30%
  • Gas: 28%
  • Solar: 22%
  • Coal: 16%
  • Hydro: 4%

Idaho: Way back in 2006, when coal-fired generation was near its peak in the United States and the Powder River Basin mines were kicking out 1 billion tons of the stuff each year, Ray Ring wrote aย story for High Country Newsย about a band of Idaho residents pushing back on a new coal plant. The โ€œWestโ€™s New Revolutionariesโ€ ultimately prevailed. And not only did this one facility not get built, but the state has managed to stay off coal altogether. Nowadays, though, rural Idahoans are just as likely to be pushing back against solar and wind installations, the stateโ€™s largest utility is hostile toward rooftop solar, and multiple new gas plants are in the pipeline. So donโ€™t expect solar and wind to crowd out other energy sources too soon.

  • Hydro: 50%
  • Gas: 19%
  • Solar: 15%
  • Wind: 14%

Montanaโ€™sย state lawmakers and utility regulators have a fondness for fossil fuels. Plus, itโ€™s a big coal mining state and is home to the Colstrip coal power plant, one of the nationโ€™s worst polluters. Nevertheless, coal doesnโ€™t dominate the energy mix here, hydropower does. Wind, however, is making a run for the top spot.

  • Hydro: 50%
  • Wind: 26%
  • Coal: 17%
  • Solar: 3%
  • Gas: 3%

New Mexicoย produces oodles of methane, i.e. natural gas. The San Juan Basin was once one of the worldโ€™s largest gas fields, and in the Permian Basin oil fields the fuel is so plentiful (as an โ€œassociated gasโ€ that comes up with the crude) that they just burn it off instead of putting it to use. Still, gas plants generated just 19% of the stateโ€™s electricity, while wind and solar combined accounted for 63%. Thatโ€™s in part because New Mexico has good wind and solar potential, but more importantly it has forward-thinking, progressive policies such as the Energy Transition Act, which not only encourage renewable energy, but also provides a safety net to help coal communities, miners, and power plant workers transition away from the dirty fuel.

  • Wind: 43%
  • Solar: 20%
  • Gas: 19%
  • Coal: 18%

Nevadaโ€™sย largest utility started moving away from coal years ago, and some of NV Energyโ€™s biggest customers โ€” Las Vegas casino resorts โ€” have demanded clean energy to help them green up their brands. That, combined with Nevadaโ€™s large tracts of solar-ready public lands has helped utility-scale solar generation vie with gas as the leader of the stateโ€™s energy mix. With several large solar and geothermal projects in the pipeline, shares of those energy sources should continue to grow. The biggest hurdle standing in the way of the Silver Stateโ€™s energy transition is the Big Data Center Buildup, which threatens to double or even triple overall electricity demand in the next decade or so. NV Energy plans to build more gas generation to keep up.

  • Solar: 44%
  • Gas: 41%
  • Other renewables: 8%
  • Hydro: 5%
  • Coal: 2%

Oregon, like other Northwest states, relies heavily on hydropower from the Columbia Riverโ€™s dams, but it has also added wind capacity at a fairly rapid rate. Like in many other Western states, Oregonโ€™s energy supply is likely to be strained by data center-driven demand.

  • Hydro: 50%
  • Wind: 21%
  • Gas: 17%
  • Solar: 10%
  • Bioenergy: 2%

Utahโ€™s Republican-dominated legislature is packed with fossil fuel folks, who have devoted a lot of time and energy trying to keep the coal industry going. Gov. Spencer Cox, meanwhile, is a big nuclear fan, and is courting reactor startups and vying to host a Department of Energy โ€œNuclear Lifecycle Innovation Campusโ€ that would include nuclear fuel fabrication, enrichment, and radioactive waste storage to add to the existing uranium mining and milling industry.

But for the month of May, at least, solar sat atop the stateโ€™s energy mix, bolstered by the new 400-MW Green River solar-plus-storage project, with coal falling to third place. While thereโ€™s a lot of talk about nukes, there is real action on the geothermal front in Utah, with Fervo advancing its Cape Station enhanced geothermal project in Beaver County. Iโ€™d bet that geothermalโ€™s share climbs long before a reactor comes online in the state.

  • Solar: 33%
  • Gas: 32%
  • Coal: 28%
  • Hydro: 3%
  • Wind: 2%
  • Other renewables: 1%

Washingtonย is a hydropower state, naturally, thanks to big dams on the Columbia River and its tributaries. Itโ€™s also one of the few Western states with a notable share of power generated by nuclear reactors. Coal is notably absent, in part due to state policy, despite the Trump administrationโ€™s order to keep the Centralia coal plant running past its December 31, 2025, retirement date. Centralia will convert to run on natural gas in coming years.

  • Hydro: 73%
  • Nuclear: 9%
  • Wind: 8%
  • Gas: 7%
  • Solar: 2%

Wyomingย has become synonymous with coal production ever since the Powder River Basin mines went big time back in the 1970s. Itโ€™s also big on coal-generation: In 2003, coal-fired power plants produced 97% of Wyomingโ€™s electricity. Today, the gaping mines in the Powder River Basin continue to produce a lionโ€™s share of the nationโ€™s coal, but the fuelโ€™s stature in the stateโ€™s energy mix is declining, while wind power excels.

  • Coal: 43%
  • Wind: 34%
  • Gas: 17%
  • Hydro: 4%
  • Solar: 2%
May 6, 2023 – Volunteers with the National Renewable Energy Laboratoryโ€™s (NRELโ€™s) ESCAPES (Education, Stewardship, and Community Action for Promoting Environmental Sustainability) program lend a hand to Jackโ€™s Solar Garden in Longmont, Colo. Bethany Speer (left) goes back for more while Nancy Trejo distributes her wheelbarrow load to the agrivoltaic plots. (Photo by Bryan Bechtold / NREL)

#ClimateChange must not disrupt business as usual: Don’t believe the hype – we are still firmly on course towards climate catastrophe — Technosphere Earth

Golfers play while a wildfire rages, 2017. Source: Beacon Rock Golf Course/Facebook.

Please remember, as I first heard friend of Coyote Gulch Laurna Kaatz say, “Climate Change is water change.” Right now there may or may not be elections this fall, and the results may or may not be heeded, but if elections do occur, please vote for candidates that are serious about the Climate Crisis.

Click the link to read the article on the Technosphere Earth website (James Dyke). Here’s an excerpt:

August 7, 2026

As I write, vast regions of Europe are on fire as heatwave after heatwave pummels the continent. The UK has just experienced itsย driest July ever. Not a drop of rain has fallen in London for over a month. The situation is so bad that even the otherwiseย reliably climate-denying Telegraphย has published articles that sayย climate change is realย and humans are to blame. Previously, sea level rise inundating small island nations and crop failures in sub-Saharan Africa would barely merit a shrug from this right wing publication. Perhaps seeing Bordeauxโ€™s vineyards go up in smoke was for them the moment when climate change got real. Pray mercy for Merlot, and think of the Chablis โ€“ something must be done!

Namely, the rapid phase out fossil fuels, while also making herculean efforts to adapt societies to the hotter and more dangerous world we are entering. This adaptation needs to go well beyond sea walls and AC. I am becoming increasingly concerned that what we regard asย tipping pointsย may actually beย fracture points; the point at which key institutions and systems break from intense and cumulative stress. Itโ€™s this failure of social systems that concerns me just as much as Earth system collapse. They have the potential to amplify initial climate shocks viaย negative social tipping points. At systemic levels this has the potential to lead to what we callย derailment risksย โ€“ efforts to stop future heating are degraded because of lack of institutional capacity given increasing social, political, and economic disruption. Derailment risks are one of the reasons I am so baffled as to how proponents of solar geoengineering can blithely claim that future societies will be able to continue to operate planetary-scale cooling operations for centuries โ€“ but more on that in the future.

I am more than baffled at what some sections of the climate science community have been doing in the midst of this crisis. Over the past few years we have seen the quite astonishing spectacle of this community tying itself up in knots trying to decide what constitutes a worst case scenario when it comes to future heating…

You often hear: another world is possible. Well I am here telling you that another world isย inevitable. We either decide to stop burning fossil fuels or the Earth system will stop us. We are well beyond incremental, so-called policy relevant pathways. Think wartime mobilisation, and the command of entire economies. None of the climate scenarios capture this. They are all constrained by what politicians would find palatable, which ultimately is whatever maintains economic growth. This means it is still very much business as usual when it comes to our reckless meddling with the Earth’s climate.

Exxonโ€™s private prediction of the future growth of carbon dioxide levels (left axis) and global temperature relative to 1982 (right axis). Elsewhere in its report, Exxon noted that the most widely accepted science at the time indicated that doubling carbon dioxide levels would cause a global warming of 3ยฐC. Illustration: 1982 Exxon internal briefing document

South Platte River Basin #climate for the week ending August 3, 2026 #SouthPlatteRiver

Below is the Precipitation Accumulation in South Platte graph from the NRCS for August 3, 2026. This morning precipitation is at 75% of the median (down 1% one week), and 66% of the water year median (up 1% one week). There are 58 days left in the water year.

There is a chance for showers today, a chance for Thunderstorms Tuesday, then a chance for showers and thunderstorms Sunday in the central mountains. There is a chance for thunderstorms today and Tuesday, with a slight chance for showers and thunderstorms Sunday in the northern mountains. There is a slight chance for thunderstorms today and Tuesday, down here, about 227 miles from the Battle of Milk Creek Park near Meeker. The location is the site of the Battle of Milk Creek where Ute Indians ambushed U.S. troops led byย MajorThomas T. Thornburgh,ย 18 miles (29ย km)ย north of present dayย Meeker, Colorado. From Wikipedia:

Majorย Thomas T. Thornburghย led a command of 153ย soldiers, and twenty-fiveย militiamen, to theย White River Indian Agencyโ€Šย fromย Fort Steeleย on September 21, 1879, in response to a request for assistance by the Nathan C. Meeker, U.S. Government Indian Agent…On September 29, 1879, Ute warriors simultaneously ambushed Thornburgh’s forces and, at the Indian Agency, killed Meeker and Meeker’s employees.ย Ute warriors, led byย Chief Colorow, attacked Thornburgh’s forces at Milk Creek on the northern edge of the reservation, about 18 miles from the White River Indian Agency. Within a few minutes, Major Thornburgh and 13 men were killed, including all his officers above the rank of captain. Another 28 men were wounded. Three-quarters of the horses and mules were killed at leisure by the surrounding Utes…Surviving troops dug in behind the wagon trains and animals’ bodies for defense.ย One man rode hard to get out a request for reinforcements. The US forces held out for several days…The troops were reinforced by 35 African-American cavalrymen known asย Buffalo Soldiersย from the 9th Cavalry atย Fort Lewisย in southern Colorado…Larger U.S. Army relief columns were sent from two forts, Fort Steele andย Fort D.A. Russell…Colonelย Wesley Merrittย commanded five columns of troops from the 5th Cavalry Regiment, or about 350 troops, who traveled by train and marched to reach the surviving forces on Milkย Creek on October 5.ย By the time Colonel Merritt arrived, the Utes had already dispersed.

Milk Creek Battlefield Park, 18 miles northeast of Meeker, Colorado. By Jeffrey Beall – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=70937831

Hereโ€™s a look at the 7-Day Colorado precipitation map through July 31, 2026 from the High Plains Regional Climate Center (latest map available from HPRCC this morning). Precipitation in the South Platte Basin along the Continental Divide of the Americas ranged from 0.30โ€ to 1.80โ€.

Hereโ€™s the 7-Day percent of normal precipitation map through July 30, 2026 from the High Plains Regional Climate Center (latest map available from HPRCC this morning). Precipitation in the South Platte River Basin along the Continental Divide of the Americas ranged from 130% to 300% of normal.

Below is the 7-day Quantitative Precipitation Forecast for the week of August 3, 2026. Precipitation is anticipated for the mountains of the South Platte River Basin and may total up to 0.10โ€ณ.

Below are the 8-14 day outlooks from the Climate Prediction Center, issued August 2, 2026, for temperature and precipitation, for the week starting August 10, 2026. The CPC expects above normal temperatures and above normal precipitation for the mountains of the South Platte River Basin.

Below is the Colorado Drought Monitor map from June 28, 2026. There was a small one class improvement in Elbert County. Drought and abnormal dryness covers 97.50% of Colorado. The South Platte Basin is experiencing Abnormally Dry, Moderate, Severe, Extreme, and Exceptional drought conditions.

Below is the Colorado Drought Monitor one week change map ending July 28, 2026.

Hereโ€™s the US Drought Monitor Map from last week along with the one week U.S. change map.

Finally, here’s a map showing the effect on temperature from fossil fuel combustion and methane venting for the 9-month period from October 2026 through June 2026.

Most of the West has just experienced the warmest nine-month period during the last 131 years, putting the region on pace to have its hottest water year on record.

More Countries Are Factoring Fairness Into the Clean Energy Transition: Countries with strong environmental governance and trusted institutions are well positioned to pivot away from #FossilFuels, a new United Nations report finds — Bob Berwyn (InsideClimateNews.org)

A pronghorn hangs out among Wyoming wind turbines. Better integration of the Western grid would allow California and Arizona to draw on Wyoming wind to back up solar when the sun goes down. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

Click the link to read the article on the Inside Climate News website (Bob Berwyn):

July 28, 2026

Countries around the globe are proving that cutting greenhouse gas emissions doesnโ€™t have to come at the expense of vulnerable communities, workers, Indigenous peoples or ecosystems. A new United Nations Environment Programme report released Tuesday highlights a range of international laws and policies that are putting the once-aspirational idea of a โ€œjust transitionโ€ into practice.

In climate and energy policy, a just transition aims to shift economies away from fossil fuels while ensuring that the costs and benefits are shared fairly. That means creating alternative livelihoods for workers and communities dependent on fossil fuels, involving affected people in decision-making and creating new economic opportunities. 

Although the term โ€œjust transitionโ€ often is swept into ideological debates about climate and energy policy, the underlying concept is simple. Itโ€™s like planning to replace an unsafe community bridge. Everyone agrees a new bridge is needed, but if people canโ€™t afford the toll, or if the construction cuts off neighborhoods, the project may solve one logistical problem while creating several others. A just transition means designing the changes so the benefits outweigh the burdens, especially for the people most affected, by involving them in the process.

The report marks a shift from 10 years ago, when โ€œjust transitionโ€ was a broad principle embedded in the Paris Agreement. Drawing on legal and policy developments from around the world, the UNEP report emphasizes that integrating principles such as participation and transparency is key to accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy and making it more sustainable.

Fairness is not an optional add-on; itโ€™s crucial for the long-term success of transition policies, said Patricia Kameri-Mbote, director of UNEPโ€™s law division, who reviewed the report for the international agency.

โ€œThe design and implementation of transition processes will determine whether there is a transition at all,โ€ Kameri-Mbote said. โ€œJust transition is a test of governance, legitimacy, and the rule of law.โ€

After studying just transition approaches in different countries, the authors wrote: โ€œThere is no one-size-fits-all model for just transition. It must be context-specific and grounded in national realities.โ€

In Poland, where coal has long been central to the economy, the government negotiated a long-term agreement with mining unions before closing mines. The plan included a gradual phaseout with retraining, economic assistance for towns and support for families to give communities years, not months, to adjust to the changes.

Colombia is granting Indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities a stake in renewable energy projects and the revenue they generate. Indonesia is helping former coal towns rebuild economies around tourism and local businesses. And Canada has backed financing that allows Indigenous communities to own stakes in clean-energy and infrastructure projects, rather than simply hosting them.

โ€œMaking just transition work in practice is complex, nuanced and context-specific,โ€ Kameri-Mbote wrote via email. But the case studies analyzed in the report helped identify key elements of a resilient and just transition, including strong human rights and environmental laws, effective access to courts and โ€œadequate and accountable financing,โ€ she added.

A Fairer World

Ultimately, a just transition is about making the world fairer, said Rachel Cleetus, senior climate and energy policy director with the Union of Concerned Scientists. The report shows that what matters most is peopleโ€™s everyday lives, affordable access to energy and protecting vulnerable populations from the devastating impacts of intensifying climate extremes. 

Cleetus said the report doesnโ€™t directly address the fossil fuel industryโ€™s near-stranglehold over climate and energy policy. Policies to promote just transitions must, at some point, also break that power, she said. [ed. emphasis mine]

Nikki Reisch, climate and energy program director at the Center for International Environmental Law, said via email that the reportโ€™s focus on rule of law, rights and inclusion is critical, but added that โ€œitโ€™s also critical to name what we are transitioning away from โ€“ fossil fuels โ€“ and what justice looks like after centuries of harm.โ€

Last yearโ€™s International Court of Justice climate advisory opinion made clear that โ€œStates have a legal duty to prevent and remedy climate harm and protect human rights,โ€ she said. โ€œThatโ€™s not possible without leaving fossil fuels behind and holding polluters to account.โ€

Grounded in Law

The report traces the roots of the just transition concept to the U.S. labor movement in the 1970s as an emerging response to perceived threats of environmental regulation to jobs in certain industries. Unions began adopting transition resolutions, and in 1997, an international coalition of unions and environmental advocates founded the global Just Transition Alliance. 

The idea entered climate discussions in the late 1990s, โ€œwhen international trade union federations started using the term to describe potential job losses associated with a rapid move away from fossil fuels, while acknowledging the labor risks posed by climate change itself,โ€ according to the report.

As the United Nations climate talks eyed binding emissions targets under the Kyoto Protocol in the late 1990s, climate change was controversial in the international labor movement. British, German and Spanish unions supported binding greenhouse gas cuts, while many North American unions, including the United Mineworkers of America, lobbied against them.

At the COP30 climate summit in Brazil in 2025, the 198 countries in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed to shift from planning to implementation.

They confirmed that transition pathways are nationally determined, must align with the goal of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming and should be implemented through each countryโ€™s climate plan.

The new report โ€œrightly argues that justice must be built into both the process and the outcomes of the transition,โ€ said Chukwumerije Okereke, professor of global governance and public policy at the University of Bristol, United Kingdom.

โ€œPeople are talking about a โ€˜just transitionโ€™ because experience has shown that climate policies succeed only when they are perceived as fair,โ€ he said. โ€œIf workers lose jobs, communities bear disproportionate costs, or developing countries are expected to decarbonize without the resources to do so, political resistance grows.โ€

For many developing countries, justice also means โ€œpreserving the policy space to pursue economic development while tackling climate change,โ€ he said. The next phase of global debates about just transitions will extend beyond protecting workers to making sure countries maintain economic independence so they can design transition plans best suited to their own circumstances, he said.

The new report tries to formulate a definition of just transition that goes beyond the traditional labor-centric or sectoral approach โ€œby leveraging an environmental rule of law framework,โ€ Kameri-Mbote said.

The growing urgency of the energy transition bolsters the need for strong environmental laws and institutions because governments can be tempted to focus on cutting emissions while overlooking who bears the costs, who benefits and who gets a say, she said. The report shows that environmental rule of law provides guardrails that can help ensure a rapid transition is fair and sustainable.

Directly writing just transition principles into law is a key step, including rights-based approaches aimed at preventing violations. And, the report says, affected people must have real influence early in the planning process. They also need a reliable legal system to challenge bad decisions or when governments or companies donโ€™t follow the rules.

Environmental rule of law is the machinery that turns just transition from a good intention into something enforceable and implementable, Kameri-Mbote said. 

President Trump’s Bears Ears and Grand Staircase Escalante national monuments shrinkage maps are out, and they are ugly. Plus: BLM moves to erase Chaco buffer zone; random real estate room — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org)

While this may not resemble the monumental structures in Chaco Canyon at first glance, a closer look reveals the outlines of ancient walls, shrines, and a Chacoan great house known as Pierreโ€™s. The pueblo is in the San Juan Basin north of Chaco Culture National Historical Park and is just inside the 10-mile buffer zone. While the site is protected by additional federal laws, its surroundings โ€” which can include corn fields, โ€œroads,โ€ and other cultural sites โ€” would be vulnerable to oil and gas drilling if the administration rescinds the leasing moratorium. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.ย 

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

July 17, 2026

THE NEWS: The Trump administration is moving forward with its bid to revoke a 20-year moratorium on federal oil and gas leasing around Chaco Culture National Historical Park in northwestern New Mexico. The Bureau of Land Management is giving the public just two weeks to comment. 

THE CONTEXT: The GOPโ€™s assault on public lands, cultural resources, and tribal nations is reaching a fevered pitch this week. The latest attack is on the 10-mile โ€œbuffer zoneโ€ around the park, where the Biden administration banned new drilling in an effort to protect a small part of the greater Chacoan cultural landscape. 

When President Theodore Roosevelt wielded the brand new Antiquities Act in 1907 to create Chaco Canyon National Monument, he drew the boundaries around what is now known as โ€œdowntown Chaco,โ€ a handful of structures including the 800-room Pueblo Bonito, constructed between the 9th and 12th centuries by ancestors of todayโ€™s Pueblo people.

That was merely the center of the Chacoan world, however, which extended over 100 miles outward into the Four Corners region, which may have been a political empire, a religious or cultural society, a school of architecture, or all of the above. Dozens of Chacoan outliers or โ€œgreat houses,โ€ along with thousands of smaller sites, shrines, and architectural features with unknown function, did not exist in isolation. They were part of a cultural tapestry woven into the natural landscape. The national monument, in other words, was vastly incomplete, which is especially concerning given that it lies in what would become one of the nationโ€™s most heavily drilled oil and gas fields.

It was with this greater context in mind that in 2023, after years of consideration, public meetings, and analysis, President Joe Biden signed Public Lands Order 7923, which withdrew about 336,000 acres of public land from oil and gas leasing for 20 years. Tribal nations with ties to the cultural landscape, environmental advocates, and archaeologists had sought the withdrawal to provide a buffer zone around the national historical park and to add a layer of protection to the associated sites within 10 miles of the parkโ€™s boundaries.

But Project 2025 called for these kinds of withdrawals to be rescinded, and the Trump administration has begun the process of complying. Keep in mind that this does not directly affect the park or the cultural resources therein. Chaco is a national park, and oil and gas leasing and drilling and other development is prohibited; only Congress can change that. Drilling rigs wonโ€™t be going up next to Pueblo Bonito, but drilling just outside the park could affect the parkโ€™s viewsheds and soundsheds. 

The BLM is now inviting public input, for a very limited time, on three alternatives: 1. keeping the ban in place; 2. shrinking the 10-mile buffer zone to just five miles; 3. eliminating the ban altogether. To comment, click on this link and then click on the โ€œParticipate Nowโ€ button at the top of the page.


Chaco protections in the crosshairs; USFS HQ to SLC — Jonathan P. Thompson


The maps illustrate the carnage of the Trump administrationโ€™s evisceration of Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monuments better than mere numbers, and show exactly from where the 2.93 million acres of protections were rescinded. They also lay bare just how much Trump removed from the shrunken national monuments that remained after Trump Iโ€™s 2017 reduction.

Iโ€™ve turned to the maps for another reason these past few days: To try to discern some sort of pattern or logic in where the lines were drawn this time, and why they are so radically different than in 2017. Iโ€™ve found that looking at the lines on the maps is more like taking a Rorschach inkblot test: You can come up with some decent sounding explanations, but thereโ€™s not much to back them up with.

When the Trump administration rolls back limits on smokestack pollution from coal plants, lowers royalty and reclamation bonding rates for oil and gas facilities, or lower water quality standards, itโ€™s clearly doing so to help their corporate buddies rake in even more profits. When they slash millions of acres from two national monuments, the intent is more ambiguous, perhaps even for the ones making the decisions.

Certainly shrinkage generally is motivated by Trumpโ€™s spite towards his more popular predecessors, Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, the ones who originally established Grand Staircase-Escalante and Bears Ears national monuments, respectively. But beyond that Trump himself is in the dark: He actually believes that people are unable to hike, hunt, camp, or fish in these national monuments, which simply is not true. Not only are all of those things allowed, but so are motorized travel on hundreds of miles of designated roads, vegetation management, livestock grazing, and commercial activities.

The main activities these national monuments restricted were new mining claims and new oil and gas, coal, and other energy-related leases (existing active valid leases and claims are not affected by the designation). So, clearly, at least part of the motivation here is to reopen certain lands to the extractive industries. Trumpโ€™s proclamations affirm this: They say the land needs to be opened up to miners and drillers to extract โ€œseveral resources that are vital to energy and resource independenceโ€ such as โ€œsilver, copper, molybdenum, lead, uranium, vanadium, and zinc.โ€ And, of course, we all know by now that Trumpโ€™s โ€œenergy dominanceโ€ agenda includes leasing out as much land as possible โ€” whether it contains oil and gas or not โ€” to the petroleum companies.

The administration is also hoping to trigger a lawsuit that could make its way to the Supreme Court, where it would become a test of the Antiquities Act, itself. Plus itโ€™s looking to open the door to allowing Utah or county governments have more control over federal land. That might be a gift to Sen. Mike Lee to show appreciation for his groveling sycophancy towards Trump, which has become more valuable with the death of Sen. Lindsey Graham.

In other words, the motivations are pretty similar to when Trump shrunk the monuments in 2017. It was clearly done in part to open up known reserves of oil and gas, uranium, coal, and potash. This is made obvious not only by communications between industry and the administration prior to the shrinkage, but also by the fact that Trump Iโ€™s shrinkage lines followed known resource reserves, not the boundaries proposed by local and state officials.

For example, the 2017 redraw cut out the Circle Cliffs historic uranium and copper mining district on the far northeast side of GSENM, probably to allow access to those reserves. And while it left part of the vast Kaiparowits coal field in the national monument, it made cutouts for the former Smoky Hollow coal lease, where Andalex had planned on building a gargantuan mine prior to the 1996 designation. At Bears Ears, the 2017 shrinkage cut out the White Canyon uranium mining district, where thereโ€™s also tar sand development potential. 

This brings up a lot of questions. First off, why did Trump II go to the trouble of redrawing completely new boundaries this time around rather than just re-upping the 2017 lines? After all, they achieved all of the same goals as the bigger, current shrinkage, while also keeping a few more valued landmarks under monument status. The Six Shooter peaks and Bridger Jack Mesa were kept in the Indian Creek Unit of Bears Ears under the 2017 shrinkage, for example, but left out this time. Why?

The most dramatic change, even from Trumpโ€™s 2017 boundaries, is to what is now known as the Kaiparowits Horizons Unit of GSENM, where the national monument was eliminated save for a seemingly arbitrarily placed square on Long Flat and a rectangular strip on the East Clark Bench. The latter strip was kept intact because it is where anthropologists found the bones of Sarabosaurus dahli, a new taxon of sea-going dinosaur Turonian mosasaurid. But removed from monument status were hundreds of significant landmarks, from the Cockscomb to Grosvenor Arch to the entire Kaiparowits Plateau.

The 2026 shrinkage does open up the entire Kaiparowits coal field. But it also nixed the whole Grand Staircase Unit, where there are no known mineral reserves.

Perhaps trying to find logic somewhere in the collective brains of the Trump administration is a foolโ€™s errand. Iโ€™m certainly not seeing it in these maps. But maybe you can? Check them out and let me know! As is always the case with this sort of detailed image, the best experience is had on theย Land Deskย website. So if youโ€™re reading this in your email browser, youโ€™d be best off clicking on the headline above, and it will take you straight to the site, where clicking on the images will give you a larger view.

Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance did a nice map of the cuts in Bears Ears. The cuts to the original boundaries were drastic, to put it mildly, excluding the entirety of Cedar Mesa, Mancos Mesa, White Canyon and its tributaries, Dark Canyon, most of Butler and Cottonwood washes, Grand Gulch, and the Valley of the Gods. The changes from the 2017 shrinkage were relatively small in the Shash Jaa Unit, but the Indian Creek Unit was reduced substantially this time around, leaving out the Six Shooter peaks and Jack Bridger Mesa.
The Utah Geological Surveyโ€™s Resource Overview Map (showing the original 2016 and Trump-shrunken 2017 BENM boundaries) shows that the 2026 boundaries appear to have been drawn to exclude potash and uranium resources that were left within the national monument after the 2017 shrinkage.
SUWAโ€™s map shows the near total elimination of the central, southern, and western portions of GSENM, leaving only two little portions that are now called the Kaiparowits Horizon Unit. The southern strip is where researchers found the bones of the Sarabosaurus dahli. Source: SUWA.
The UGS Resource Overview Map indicates that Trump I slashed the Circle Cliffs area from GSENM due to its uranium, vanadium, and copper potential. The 2017 shrinkage also made cutouts for places with high coal recovery potential. But it kept the southwestern part of the national monument โ€” where there is little known resource potential โ€” relatively intact. The 2026 shrinkage eliminated all of that.
Hereโ€™s another map by the Utah Geological Survey showing historic coal and oil and gas leases. Again, if you compare this to the maps above, youโ€™ll see that the 2017 shrinkage made cutouts for these places. While the 2026 shrinkage also cut these places out of the national monument, it didnโ€™t open up significantly more leases than the 2017 shrinkage did.
Here I overlaid the Resource Overview maps onto a BLM map showing the original boundaries of GSENM (in black), the 2017 boundaries (in brown) and the 2026 shrinkage boundaries (in red). This suggests that the 2026 shrinkage was looking to free up all of the Kaiparowits coalfield. It also freed up a lithium deposit along the Hole in the Rock road. Source: BLM, USG, Land Desk map.

๐Ÿ  Random Real Estate Room ๐Ÿค‘

Well, hereโ€™s some relatively affordable housing. Or something like that. I could see turning this thing into a giant art studio, event-space, and housing. And itโ€™s in a lovely part of the world, too! Theย ad gives a Dolores, Colorado, address. But itโ€™s actually in Arriola, which is about halfway between Cortez and Lewis.ย 

#Climate, conflagrations, and calamities: Plus: A little meditation on the water-energy-ag nexus — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org)

Satellite imagery of some of the major fires burning on the afternoon of June 29, 2026. Source: NOAA Wildland Fire Data Portal.

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

June 30, 2026

๐Ÿฅต Aridification Watch ๐Ÿซ

Three federal firefighters were killed and two seriously injured when the Knowles and Gore fires overtook them southwest of Grand Junction near the Utah-Colorado line. The fires joined with others to become the Snyder Fire, which had grown to 30,000 acres as of Monday.

The fatalities were the tragic result of what has become a downright terrifying wildfire situation in the Interior West, with more than a dozen 1,000-acre-plus blazes tearing through forests in Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico during the last days of June. Without substantial and soaking rainfall soon, itโ€™s likely to get even worse.

The fury of these conflagrations is evident in their rapid rate of growth.

The Babylon Fire within Bears Ears National Monument, for example, was first reported on the afternoon of June 26 on Elk Ridge north of the Bears Ears Buttes. By the evening of June 29 it was mapped at over 48,000 acres and was spreading northward. The National Park Service closed the Needles District of Canyonlands National Park as a result and the Manti-La Sal National Forest shut down the entire Elk Ridge area.

Further east, in Colorado, the Ferris Fire was first reported late on June 27 just north of the Dolores River along the Dolores and Montezuma county line. It quickly tore through piรฑon and juniper, then scrub oak and ponderosa forest toward the Disappointment Valley, and had reached about 20,600 acres as of Monday night.


The Gold Mountain Fire, apparently ignited when a tree fell on a powerline, was first reported Saturday afternoon near the Bachelor Syracuse Mine Tour north of Ouray. By Monday night it was over 8,300 acres and had forced evacuations and the closure of Highway 550.

Instagram video here: https://www.instagram.com/reels/DaKFedwOcXQ

On the eastern side of the Divide the Aspen Acres Fire grew to 23,000 acres in less than 24 hours, driven through a parched landscape by 100-mile-per-hour winds, and was threatening the towns of Beulah and Rye. The Willow Fire in Lake County is at a relatively small 1,900 acres, but is perilously close to Leadville.

Many factors contribute to the intensity, size, and frequency of the fires, from decades of fire suppression, to human encroachment in forests, to flammable noxious weed infestations. But the biggest driver of this regional calamity is clearly the hot, dry weather, which has been exacerbated by human-caused climate change.

Winter was an utter dud as far as the snowpack was concerned, in large part because of the unusually high temperatures. The hot, dry weather continued into the spring โ€” with July-like temps at the end of March โ€” sucking moisture from the soil and vegetation, and pushing huge swaths of the Interior West into severe to extreme drought conditions. Throw in gusty wind and a June heat wave โ€” nearly 1,000 daily high temperature records were tied or broken in the West this month โ€” and youโ€™ve got a recipe for disaster.

There have been hot and dry years in the past, along with catastrophic wildfires: In 1879 the Lime Creek Burn charred 26,000 high-country acres south of Silverton, burning through what later became known as the โ€œasbestos forestโ€ due to its apparent blaze-resistance.

Back then, however, 1879-like dry and warm years were anomalous, as were mega fires. The Lime Creek Burn stood as the stateโ€™s largest blaze until 2002; now itโ€™s not even in the top 20 for acreage burned. This year, while relatively extreme, is no outlier. The Westโ€™s temperatures have been trending upward since reliable record-keeping began some 130 years ago, and the Southwest is suffering through year 26 of an ongoing megadrought, the most severe in at least 1,200 years.

Nor is the phenomenon isolated to the arid West. A heat dome is on its way to the Midwest and East Coast. And a record-breaking heat wave has gripped much of western Europe. France has recorded over 1,000 heat-related fatalities in recent days, and was forced to shut down nuclear reactors because the rivers from which they pull their cooling waters are too warm (and the discharged water is even warmer, threatening river ecosystems).

So itโ€™s utterly surreal to, on the one hand, breathe in the blanket of smoke thatโ€™s settling into the Westโ€™s valleys, to observe new flame icons popping up on the Watch Duty map, and see satellite imagery smoke plumes stretch across the region, and on the other to hear U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright downplay the deaths in Europe. Unlike his boss, President Trump, Wright acknowledges that human-related greenhouse gas emissions are heating the planet, but he says itโ€™s not a crisis and that its effects are โ€œmanageable.โ€

Wrightโ€™s disrespect for the victims, including the injured and killed firefighters in Colorado, is dumbfounding. And his willful ignorance of the science and reality on the ground in order to perpetuate Trumpโ€™s drill-baby-drill agenda and bolster oil company profits is simply sickening. The same goes for Trumpโ€™s Interior Secretary Doug Burgum. His department now oversees the nationโ€™s wildland firefighting force. And yet he is also leading the charge to deregulate the oil and gas industry and allow them to spew more planet-warming methane in order to spur more oil and gas drilling on public lands โ€” ultimately leading to more fossil fuel burning, carbon emissions, warmer global temperatures, and more severe fires.

It reminds me a little bit of the story of the California firefighter who admitted setting dozens of fires as a job-creation scheme, allowing him and his colleagues to earn overtime pay. The difference here is that Burgum is not only playing his dangerous game with the lives of the firefighters under his command, but also with the planet as a whole.


Climate change’s coal-smudged fingerprints — Jonathan P. Thompson


Sprinklers on the Great Sage Plain in southwestern Colorado. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

One of the many things Iโ€™m interested in is the water-energy nexus: The way a coal plant requires vast amounts of water to make steam to turn turbines to generate electricity to run the pumps on the Central Arizona Project canals, for example. Now, with dry times in full-swing and electricity prices on the rise almost everywhere, the spotlight is on the water-energy-agriculture/food nexus.

In the arid West, most agriculture is of the irrigated kind. In many cases, this means relying on pumps to move the water across the land, to bring groundwater up from a well, and to pressurize sprinkler systems. And pumps require energy, in the form of electricity from the grid, from distributed solar or wind systems, or from diesel or gasoline motors or generators.

During a dry year like this one, farmers need to start irrigating earlier in the season, meaning their pumps run more often and consume more energy, which costs more money. Thatโ€™s the situation Wyoming farmers and ranchers Tim Teichert and Jason Thornock are up against this year, according to a June 11 WyoFile report by Dustin Bleizeffer. These guys fork out up to $150,000 annually for electricity, the drought is pushing that bill higher, and now Rocky Mountain Power โ€” a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway โ€” is looking for a 37.7% rate increase on irrigators. Ouch.

Hereโ€™s where the nexus comes in: If the rate hike goes through, it will make it prohibitively expensive for other farmers to switch from flood irrigation to more efficient sprinkler systems. While this would seem to be the perfect opportunity for farmers to go solar, thatโ€™s not so easy in Wyoming, either. State law caps the size of solar arrays eligible for net metering, or the system by which the utility credits a customer for exporting excess power into the grid, at 25 kilowatts, which is far smaller than most farmers would need to power their pumps.

Down in Arizona the stakes are even higher, according to a study by Andrew Berry and Mikhail V. Chester published in 2017 in Environmental Research Letters. They highlighted the fact that in Arizona, most irrigation is powered by electricity.

The Central Arizona Projectโ€™s 15 pumping stations guzzle 2.8 gigawatt-hours of electricity annually to move water more than 300 miles from the Colorado River to the middle of the state, with a total vertical climb of about 3,000 feet. Then the farmers have to pump it from the canal to their fields and rely on pumps to power sprinkler systems. Arizona farmers that donโ€™t rely on the canals use groundwater, which also requires pumping.

When temperatures go up or precipitation decreases, the farmers need more water, which means they also use more energy, putting more strain on the electrical grid. And even without all of those irrigation pumps churning away, heat stresses the grid in other ways, primarily because power demand surges in the afternoons, when everyone cranks up their air conditioners. Also, hot power lines are less efficient, wildfires can take out transmission lines and other electricity infrastructure, smoke diminishes solar output, and low streamflows can deplete hydropower generation.

All of this has the potential to take down the power grid, which would cause the irrigation and water-movement systems to shut down, which would affect crops and food supplies.

Over the last century and a half, especially in the years following World War II, the federal and state governments, utilities, and private interests have created huge networks for generating and moving power and for diverting, storing, and delivering water. Research and stories like the ones mentioned here just go to show how inextricably intertwined the two systems have become, how important they both are to Western communities, and how fragile they can be. Climate change โ€” along with increasing demand โ€” is raising the risk of a catastrophic, cascading failure in these systems, which would be calamitous for the entire region.


Explainer: Warming planet, failing grid — Jonathan P. Thompson

Oregon wildfire knocks out power line — Jonathan P. Thompson

President Trump’s administration revokes OHV restrictions for public lands: Plus: #ColoradoRiver slides towards “system crash”ย — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org)

Plus: Colorado River slides towards “system crash”

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

June 2, 2026

๐ŸŒต Public Lands ๐ŸŒฒ

The Trump administration is attacking public lands again, this time in an apparent effort to open more special places to off-road vehicles.ย Late last Friday, Trump issued anย executive orderย revoking a Nixon-eraย policyย aimed at ensuring โ€œthat the use of off-road vehicles on public lands will be controlled and directed so as to protect the resources of those lands, to promote the safety of all users of those lands, and to minimize conflicts among the various uses of those lands.โ€

No, this does not mean unfettered swarms of ATVs will be kicking up dust on your favorite public lands next week. But it does bolster the off-road vehicle lobbyโ€™s effort to open up motorized access to federal lands, and takes away one of the long-term planning tools used by land management agencies to protect those places from off-road vehicle use and abuse.ย 

In the nearer-term, Trumpโ€™s order could end or diminish theย ban on OHVs in national parks, allowing the vehicles to travel backroads in, say, Capitol Reef National Park. This might not sound so bad: If a three-ton SUV can drive there, why not let a smaller side-by-side or four-wheeler on the same road?

The answer lies in the nature of the newer OHVs, namely โ€œside-by-sidesโ€ or razors, which more closely resemble souped-up dune buggies than conventional SUVs. While some people use OHVs as mere modes of transportation, the vehicles are more commonly treated and utilized like recreational playthings โ€” very powerful, fast, and noisy toys that tend to travel in herds. They therefore bring their own type of impacts.ย 

Alpine Loop Backcountry Scenic Byway near Lake City, Ouray, Powderhorn, Ridgway, Silverton Credit: ColoradoDirectory.com

Anyone who has traveled on or hiked around the Alpine Loop in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado on a busy summer day has likely experienced these particular impacts first-hand. Those roads were first opened up to OHVs in the early 2000s. Since then Alpine Loop traffic numbers have exploded, with at least half of the motorized traffic made up of OHVs.

Law enforcement officers now spend a disproportionate amount of time and energy trying to keep the OHV drivers on designated routes and in compliance with traffic laws. OHV crashes, often resulting in serious injury, are not uncommon. And each summer several riders surrender to the temptation to illegally leave the road โ€” these are off-road vehicles, after all โ€” and rip across the tundra, causing irreversible damage. Unlike regular vehicles, OHVs tend to travel in herds, spewing exhaust and kicking up dust, their collective buzzing reaching far beyond the roads on which they travel. It has become almost impossible during the high season to completely escape the incessant din of OHVs on the Alpine Loop, even in wilderness study areas.

This same phenomenon could now be coming to a national park near you.

The administration claims it eliminated the policy because it was outdated, vague, and redundant, because Congress has since passed a host of other laws protecting public lands from OHVs and other uses. The order goes on to say:

This makes very little sense. Sure, the restrictions on OHVs could hamper energy or timber development if it required destructive off-road vehicle use, but youโ€™re not going to haul a drill rig into the backcountry on a side-by-side. And the idea that a hiker might feel โ€œbannedโ€ from a trail because they couldnโ€™t ride get there on an OHV is just silly. 

The dubious statement reeks of the rhetoric of the crowd that claims that motorized vehicle restrictions are locking folks out of public lands, and therefore are discriminating against the type of people who drive these vehicles. But the discrimination claim simply does not fly. Mountain bikes are banned from wilderness areas, from a majority of trails in national parks, from some trails on BLM land, and are not allowed to ride off-trail on all federal land. This has nothing to do with the people who ride the bikes, or even the funny clothes they tend to wear, and everything to do with the vehiclesโ€™ potential impacts.

Trump probably did this at the behest of the Blue Ribbon Coalition and the likes of Sen. Mike Lee, who has pushed legislation that would open up national parks to OHVs. Maybe heโ€™s trying to garner support from somewhere, given his terrible favorability ratings. Or perhaps heโ€™s trying to appease the motorized crowd, which is probably a bit miffed that their drug of choice โ€” gasoline โ€” is so damned expensive thanks to Donnyโ€™s dumb war. Maybe heโ€™s even trying to increase national park entry fee revenues so he can funnel it to his ballroom/drone-port or his White House UFC fight.


The arrogance of the off-road vehicle lobby — Jonathan P. Thompson


Near Hite with the Henry Mountains. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.
๐ŸŸย Colorado River Chroniclesย ๐Ÿ’ง

It pretty much goes without saying that if next winter is as bad as this past winter, in terms of mountain snowpack, then the collective users of the Colorado River and its infrastructure will be toast โ€” at least figuratively (maybe literally, too?). Now, my favorite team of Colorado River wonks1 [Anne Castle,ย  Jack Schmidt, Eric Kuhn,ย  Kathryn Sorensen,ย Katherine Tara] haveย crunched the latest water numbers, and theyโ€™ve found that even a nearly โ€œnormalโ€ winter wonโ€™t stop depletion of โ€œreasonably accessible storage in Lake Powell and Lake Mead, leading to โ€œdevastating consequences.โ€ย 

Back in 1999, the Colorado Riverโ€™s storage system, which consists of Lake Powell, Lake Mead, and several other smaller reservoirs in the Upper and Lower basins, was almost full, holding about 60 million acre-feet of active, or available, storage. This provided a robust savings account that could be tapped during the inevitable dry spells on the notoriously fluctuating river system.

The reserve, however, was not adequate for the megadrought โ€” or long-term aridification โ€” that started in 2000 and continues today. Instead of following the usual up-down cycle, the Colorado Riverโ€™s flows began a downward trend that is on track to hit its lowest point so far this water year, while consumptive use stayed more or less steady. Demand exceeded supply more years than not, drawing the savings account down significantly. That has forced the Bureau of Reclamation to take extraordinary measures, such as reducing downstream releases and tapping upstream reservoirs, to keep Lake Powellโ€™s surface level from dropping below 3,500 feet, or what I call de facto dead pool 2.

Thanks in part to extra releases from Flaming Gorge Reservoir in May, Lake Powellโ€™s surface level climbed slightly to 3,528 feet last month. Given that spring runoff in the Upper Basin has peaked and most tributary flows are decreasing, we can expect that number to start dropping, perhaps precipitously, at least until the monsoon arrives. 

The wonks wanted an idea of how things might play out in the slightly longer-term, so they modeled two scenarios:

In the first scenario, they assume that the Colorado Riverโ€™s natural flow, or the estimated amount of water in the river without human consumption or interference, will be similar to water year 2025, when the mountain snowpack was below average but not nearly as slim as this year. They also assume that consumptive uses will remain at the lowest levels in recent years.

Natural flow: 8.5 MAF at Lees Ferry + .70 MAF from Grand Canyon and Virgin River =ย 9.20 MAF
Consumptive use: 3.56 MAF Upper Basin (includes evaporation and other losses) + 8.23 MAF Lower Basin + Mexico (incl. evap and other losses) =ย 11.79 MAF
Deficit and resulting reservoir drawdown: 2.59 MAF
Realistically accessible storage (RAS) remaining in Mead, Powell, and Flaming Gorge: 3.63 MAF

For the second, they plug in snowpack/flow numbers similar to those from water year 2023, which was a huge winter. Consumptive use would be about the same as in 2023.ย 

Natural flow: 18.55 MAF
Consumptive use: 13.10 MAF
Surplus: 4.83 MAF
RAS: 11.05 MAF

Under the first scenario, the BoR will almost certainly have to go to a run-of-the-river situation on Glen Canyon Dam to defend 3,500 feet. That would mean releases would be approximately equal to inflows minus evaporation and seepage from the reservoir, and might drop to 3,000 to 4,000 cubic feet per-second or even lower. In the summer of 2002 inflows at times dropped below 1,000 cfs. This would turn the river through the Grand Canyon into a relative trickle, and cause a significant drawdown of Lake Mead.ย 

The second scenario would be far better, but is far from an enduring solution. At best it would buy a little time, perhaps enough for the feds to build bypass tunnels around Glen Canyon Dam to allow for sustained releases below 3,500 feet. If it were followed by another three or four 2023-like winters, then things would start to look pretty darned good. 

But if it were followed by just one more dry year it would bring everything back to todayโ€™s rather dire situation.

Since thereโ€™s no way to bolster supplies, the only way out of this mess is to continue to slash demand. The paperโ€™s authors write:

Oof.


As long as weโ€™re on the topic, the BoR recently released its Lower Basin accounting report for 2025, which tallies up consumptive uses in the basin.ย As you can see from the following graphs, which theย Land Deskย whipped up using the BoR data, the Lower Basin uses significantly less water now than it did in 1999, just before the current megadrought began. Upper Basin consumptive use figures for 2025 are not yet available. The following figures doย notย include reservoir evaporation, conveyance losses, or Mexicoโ€™s use.

All three Lower Basin states have substantially reduced Colorado River water consumption since 1999. However, more cuts will be needed if current climatic and streamflow trends continue. Data: USBR, Graphic: The Land Desk

๐Ÿค– Data Center Watch ๐Ÿ‘พ

Has Enchant Energy finally found a raison dโ€™รชtre? The Farmington-based company was created in 2019 to try to save the San Juan coal-fired power plant from retirement by retrofitting it with carbon capture equipment. Enchant would then sell the carbon to oil producers in the Permian Basin, while also receiving generous federal tax credits. Basically they wanted to turn the power plant into a taxpayer subsidized carbon dioxide factory. It flopped for various reasons. Now the San Juan plant โ€” and all of its pollution โ€” are no more. We suspected Enchant Energy had met a similar fate.

But then I received a press release letting me know the not-so-up upstart is not dead, but has instead signed a letter of intent with Creekstone Energy to capture carbon from the tech firmโ€™s proposed hyperscale Delta Gigasite data center in Delta, Utah. As is often the case, Creekstone touts all of the renewable energy it plans on building for its center, but the first phase will be powered by natural gas, which emits carbon dioxide.

Enchant hopes to capture the carbon from the gas plant and convert it into marketable fuel. The company has apparently given up on trying to give coal-burning a slightly more climate-friendly veneer (after all, Trump has declared coal to be โ€œcleanโ€ and โ€œbeautifulโ€). Instead, it looks like theyโ€™re jumping on the data center bandwagon, along with wannabe nuclear reactor developers and the like. 

Who knows, maybe this is the thing that finally gives Enchant some meaning. But weโ€™re not holding our breath. After spending gobs of money on lobbying, pulling in some hefty federal grants, then failing spectacularly with the San Juan generating bid, Enchant partnered with another firm and tried to buy the Intermountain coal plant in Delta to use it to power its own data center. That didnโ€™t work, either.


Dolores Canyon solar project outside of Cahone, Colorado, with Airproductโ€™s apparently defunct helium plant on the right. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

๐Ÿ”‹Notes from the Energy Transitionย ๐Ÿ”Œ

Yes, the energy transition may have run into some stumbling blocks, i.e. the Trump administrationโ€™s hatred for anything that might compete with coal and oil and gas, but itโ€™s still quietly underway. For example, out by the aforementioned, defunct San Juan coal plant, DESRI recently broke ground on two utility-scale solar installations: the 170-megawatt Foxtail Flats solar-plus-battery storage array; and the 100-MW Four Mile Mesa solar-plus-storage project. 

Thatโ€™s some pretty serious generating capacity and adds to the existing San Juan solar facility nearby. Los Alamos County has signed on to purchase power from Foxtail Flats, and Meta will be drawing electricity Four Mile Mesa via PNM to power its data centers. 

Both of the new facilities are under development on Ute Mountain Ute tribal land. 

๐Ÿ“ธ Parting Shot ๐ŸŽž๏ธ

In last weekโ€™s comments, ncoffey94 asked what kind of bike I ride.ย Itโ€™s a 2023 Niner RLT, with an aluminum frame, carbon fork, and SRAM Apex parts. Itโ€™s nothing fancy and isnโ€™t super light. But I dig it for riding on the roads, dirt, and even singletrack. Itโ€™s got 40 mm tires, so isnโ€™t so great in the sand, and with no suspension I donโ€™t do big drops or super-cobbly stuff. But it sure is nice having just one bike for all uses.

Photo credit: Jonathan P. Thompson.

1 Anne Castle, Jack Schmidt, Eric Kuhn, Kathryn Sorensen, and Katherine Tara.ย 

2 Water can no longer be released through the penstocks and hydropower turbine below 3,500 feet, forcing dam operators to rely on the lower river outlets for all downstream water releases. Those outlets are not engineered for sustained, long-term use, however, and could be damaged. The feared scenario looks kind of like this: The penstocks are closed; the river outlets release water faster than reservoir inflows; the reservoir surface level drops down to, say, 3,450 feet; the river outlets get damaged so must be shut down altogether, trapping the remaining water behind the dam and halting all releases until the water climbs back up to 3,500 feet. This would effectively dry up the Grand Canyon and cause Lake Mead to start plummeting as well. Of course, no one wants this to happen, so BoR is doing all it can to defend 3,500 feet, making that level the effective dead pool, even though technically 3,370 feet (the river outlet elevation) is the actual dead pool.

The US is seeing stronger storms, so why are droughts gettingย worse?

In heavy downpours, it can be harder for water to sink into the ground. John Leyba/The Denver Post via Getty Images

David Boutt, UMass Amherst

About two-thirds of the U.S. is in some stage of drought in late spring 2026, yet at the same time the country has been seeing more intense downpours. It might seem contradictory, but both are symptoms of rising global temperatures.

The reason has to do with the water cycle.

Water influences every aspect of our lives through a delicate cycle that transforms liquid water into vapor and back again.

As the Earth warms, more of that precipitation is arriving in intense storms that deliver more water than the landscape can handle. When storms drop a few inches of rain over a few days, the water sinks into the soil, nourishing plants and replenishing groundwater. But during heavy downpours, the rain canโ€™t sink in fast enough, and much of the water runs off instead, often fueling flooding.

Water also evaporates faster in warmer temperatures. So, despite an increase in total annual precipitation nationally, the landscape is drying out more rapidly as temperatures rise, resulting in more severe and frequent droughts.

Iโ€™m a hydrologist at UMass Amherst. My colleagues and I are documenting these broad shifts and what they mean for the future of the terrestrial hydrological cycle โ€“ the water cycle on land โ€“ and the people and ecosystems that depend on it. The effects are occurring across climates around the world.

A hydrological cycle out of sync

Fundamentally, the terrestrial hydrological cycle is controlled by two things: precipitation that adds moisture to the ground and evapotranspiration, meaning water that evaporates either from the land back into the atmosphere or from plants releasing it through their leaves.

Over the long term, the total amount of precipitation that falls, minus the total evapotranspiration sending moisture back into the atmosphere, determines how much water moves through the hydrologic system. That affects stream flow, soil moisture and the amount of water sinking into the ground and recharging aquifers.

During heavy precipitation in the U.S. Northeast, water is rapidly routed through the shallow subsurface rather than reaching deeper soil and groundwater storage. Julianna C Huba, et al., 2026

When this balance shifts or becomes out of sync with its natural state, it affects how water moves through the landscape. And that directly influences where water is available and how much is there.

These shifts in precipitation are occurring alongside longer growing seasons that allow the land to accumulate more heat. As temperatures rise, drier air also pulls more water from the landscape, increasing the risk of drought.

The changing timing of precipitation can result in counterintuitive feedbacks, as recent studies in the Northeast have shown.

In one study, scientists at Harvard Forest found that more intense storms are delivering greater amounts of water at rates exceeding the soilโ€™s capacity to retain it. For example, in 2023 they found that high-intensity events in their research area made up about 42% of the yearโ€™s total precipitation.

When more precipitation is concentrated, with long gaps between storms, the surface soils have time to drain and dry out. This has contributed to drier atmospheric conditions as less water is available to evaporate from the land.

This effect from bursts of heavy rain with dry periods in between shows up in data. My research group at UMass found in a separate study that while wet years in the Northeast are becoming more frequent, dry years are also becoming more frequent.

Bars show overall rainfall and rainfall from major storms.
Data collected by scientists with Harvard Forest, near Petersham, Mass., from 1964 to 2023 shows how precipitation has been increasing, with a large percentage of it coming from downpours. Samuel Jurado and Jackie Matthes, 2025, CC BY-NC-SA

During the wettest years over the past decade, we found an accumulation of approximately 2 inches of water in the shallow ground, contributing to higher water tables, more frequent flooding and damage to infrastructure during heavy rainstorms.

Conversely, during dry periods the landscape dries out rapidly, resulting in drought advisories, fires, water restrictions and crop failures in what is normally one of the wetter regions of the U.S.

Finding solutions

Many states are now incorporating climate science into decisions about infrastructure and land use to better understand the risks ahead. Massachusetts, for example, created a climate data clearinghouse to make research and data widely available. It also invested in computer models to examine potential future scenarios of water storage on the landscape so communities and farmers can prepare.

Communities can boost their resilience to extreme storms with urban designs and construction that take flood risk into account, include careful drainage as more areas are paved and add features such as rain gardens, riverside parks and bioswales that move and hold more water where needed.

To manage dry years, communities can implement conservation measures, such as limiting outdoor watering, subsidizing low-flow toilets and showers, and using water pricing to encourage more careful use. They can also teach residents how to use less water and generally be more mindful of water use.

On a larger scale, a new study using computer models indicates that more aggressive efforts to reduce the drivers of climate change โ€“ particularly reducing greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels โ€“ can reverse the trend of extreme precipitation, eventually returning to rates seen in the 20th century.

Until that happens, however, the world will have to adapt to a changing hydrological cycle.

David Boutt, Professor of Hydrogeology, UMass Amherst

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

As Energy, War and Climate Collide, a Conference in Colombia Charts a Path Beyond #FossilFuels — Bob Berwyn (InsideClimateNews.org)

Click the link to read the article on the Inside Climate News website (Bob Berwyn):

May 1, 2026

While some major fossil fuel producers keep pushing for expanded oil and gas use, which is linked to warfare, economic shocks and ecological damage, more than 50 countries at the first Conference on Transitioning Away From Fossil Fuels began developing plans to shift toward renewable energy systems designed for stability and abundance rather than scarcity and conflict.

At the end of the conference, France, where fossil fuels still power about 60 percent of the worldโ€™s seventh-largest economy, unveiled a pilot roadmapto phase out coal by 2030, oil by 2045 and gas by 2050, and to electrify sectors such as heating and transport. Colombiaโ€™s draft roadmap to largely ditch fossil fuels by 2050 emphasizes that transitioning to renewables could deliver $280 billion for the country in economic benefits.

The countries represented in Santa Marta, Colombia, generate about one-third of global economic activity. They broadly agreed to align their trade and finance policies with their transition plans, potentially creating significant economic momentum toward the faster decarbonization needed to avoid overcooking the planet with greenhouse gases.

The conference can be seen as a climate diplomacy track running parallel with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, but on a faster train with friendlier passengers, said Ralph Regenvanu, Vanuatuโ€™s minister for climate change adaptation and a leader in efforts to accelerate climate action. 

โ€œItโ€™s very heartening to have the Global North and the Global South in the same room, countries willing to talk about transitioning away from fossil fuels,โ€ he said.

Participants and observers described the meeting as a space where fossil fuels themselves, and not just their emissions, were discussed as the root cause of overlapping crises, from conflict and displacement to economic instability. At past UNFCCC climate talks, those connections were often downplayed, especially in official documents.

The conference was convened by the Netherlands and Colombia during the closing days of COP30 in Belรฉm, Brazil, late last year, as frustration grew over a small number of countries blocking any detailed discussions of phasing out fossil fuels. A follow-up meeting is set for early 2027 in Tuvalu, in the Pacific.

Organizers of the Santa Marta meeting also said the work of a special science panel associated with the conference is critical because media ecosystems are overloaded with climate and energy disinformation. Beyond policy details, discussions at the conference also revealed a shift in how energy is understood, shaped by lived experience and generational memory as much as by economics or technology.

Avoiding Past Mistakes

Until a few decades ago, coal miners were celebrated as heroes of prosperity, while kids grew up with โ€œPut a Tiger in Your Tankโ€ ads promising open-road freedom. Fossil fuels were synonymous with progress; many of the people now shaping energy policy came of age in that world, and the story wasnโ€™t necessarily wrong for that time. But in a more crowded, connected world, that same system is now driving instability and climate degradation, and resisting the transition away from fossil fuels seems like longing for horse-and-buggy transport.

For the countries in Santa Marta, itโ€™s not a question of whether to change, itโ€™s how to change without repeating past mistakes. Veteran policy makers shared space with a younger cohort of advocates and negotiators for whom renewable energy systems are a baseline assumption, not an aspirational goal. Many are from developing countries and experience the risks of fossil fuels as immediate rather than as theoretical, and they challenge the fossil fuel industryโ€™s misleading narrative that their products are needed to alleviate poverty.

โ€œWar right now is one of the largest contributors to the climate crisis,โ€ said Faotu Jeng, founder of Clean Earth Gambia, a nonprofit group that has sparked environmental progress. Jeng noted that military emissions are not accurately accounted for under the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global warming.

What will Xcel propose for Pueblo as it makes plans for the retirement of the last of the Comanche coal-burning units in 2030? Photo credit: Allen Best/Big Pivots

Meeting #Climate Targets Requires Humanity to Reorient Its Relationship With Nature, New Study Says — Jake Bolster (InsideClimateNews.org)

Bison graze near the North Entrance of Yellowstone National Park. Credit: Jacob W. Frank/NPS

Click the link to read the article on the Inside Climate News website (Jake Bolster):

April 9, 2026

A team including scientists, Indigenous people and conservationists point to the ecosystem connecting Yellowstone and the Yukon as an example of a region where humans and nature are flourishing together.

Governments cannot reach their climate goals without rethinking humanityโ€™s relationship to the Earth.ย 

That is the overarching takeaway from a new paper published [April 9, 2026] inย Frontiers in Scienceย by a global team of scientists, conservationists and Indigenous people. The authors examined a set of climate targets from around the world, including the Paris Agreement, through the lens of a โ€œNature Positiveโ€ approach to climate change, in which biodiversity loss is halted and reversed by 2030 compared to a 2020 baseline.

They found that climate progress cannot happen without widespread attempts to increase biodiversity, protect intact ecosystems and reverse ecological damage from centuries of consumption.

For too long, humanityโ€”particularly in the Global Northโ€”has viewed the environment as either a resource to mine, or a hindrance to economic growth, said Harvey Locke, the paperโ€™s lead author and a co-founder of the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative.

โ€œNature is essential to the functioning of the Earth system, which is in turn essential to people, and people are essential to the economy,โ€ he said. โ€œThat is the hierarchy, nothing else.โ€

The paper characterized the present global economic order as occurring in the โ€œsweet spotโ€ between competing environmental, societal and economic interests, but says that trichotomy has occurred at the expense of other species and the planet. To maintain a habitable planet, humanity must nest its economy within the limits of Earthโ€™s environment, the authors said.

One of the most severe examples of the current imbalance is climate change, Locke said.ย 

โ€œWeโ€™ve wildly exceeded the planetary boundary for putting CO2 into the atmosphere and weโ€™re wildly destabilizing the Earth system through the destruction of nature,โ€ he said. โ€œEveryone in humanity losesโ€”everyoneโ€”if we continue to destabilize the Earth system. And everyone wins if we work toward stabilizing it.โ€

As an example of how economies can grow while ecosystems are preserved and biodiversity is restored, Locke pointed to the Rockies in North America, particularly the region spanning Yellowstone to Yukon.

According to the National Park Service, the greater Yellowstone ecosystem is โ€œone of the largest nearly intact temperate-zone ecosystems on Earth.โ€

โ€œWe have a wider distribution of bears and wolves and bison today than we did thirty years ago. We have more protected areas now than we did thirty years ago. And meanwhile the human population has flourished in that landscape,โ€ Locke said, โ€œin big measure because people value nature.โ€

The greater Yellowstone areaโ€™s growth has not been without its pains. As more people settle in the mountains, urban and suburban enclaves sprawl into forests,ย increasing fire risks. Grizzly bears and wolves, while magnates for tourists and their dollars, have also becomeย political lightning rods, with some arguing that their rising populations are exceeding the capacity that the growing human settlements in the area will accept.

โ€œIf we donโ€™t grow wisely, we will kill the goose thatโ€™s laying the golden egg,โ€ Locke acknowledged.ย 

The idea that humans are just one cog in natureโ€™s fabulously complex and interconnected machine is an Indigenous premise, said Leroy Little Bear, one of the paperโ€™s authors and a member of the Kainaiwa tribe that resides near the border of Canada and Montana.

If Indigenous groups across the world had more stewardship over ecosystems, species and land management decisions, it would go a long way toward restoring biodiversity and creating societies and economies that are better tailored to Earthโ€™s environment, Little Bear said.

โ€œWe come from and operate on the basis of relationships,โ€ he continued. โ€œWhen youโ€™re related to everything else in the environment, everything out thereโ€”the water, the rocks, the trees, the birdsโ€”are all animate. So if theyโ€™re animate then they all have the same kind of spirits as you have. How would I treat my relatives?โ€ย 

But European settlers and their descendents have taken a different approach, he said. โ€œIn Western thought, we separate ourselves from nature and to a very large extent, we take the Biblical view that everything is made for the benefit of humans.โ€

To make their point, the authors collected an โ€œenormous number of references to previous work,โ€ said Cara Nelson, a professor of restoration ecology at the University of Montana who was not involved with the paper.ย By Daniel Case – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=63321074

โ€œI felt they did a really great job of identifying this inherent property of life on Earth: interconnection and interdependency,โ€ she said.

To help change human economiesโ€™ relationship to natural systems, Locke said the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative is exploring creating natural asset companies, where the value of the organization is tied to the preservation of nature, not its destruction, so private capital can spur conservation.ย 

โ€œYou basically think about nature like gold. Itโ€™s gonna go up in value because itโ€™s perceived to have value,โ€ Locke said. โ€œAnd weโ€™re not making any more of it.โ€

Sheep Slot Rapids Firth River Ivvavik National Park Yukon Territory. By Daniel Case – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=63321074

Small Navajo community confronts a 110-year expansion of a coal mine — AZCentral.com

The Navajo Mine, which supplies coal to the Four Corners Generating Station; aerial view looking west. Wikimedia Commons: User Dicklyon licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.

Click the link to read the article on the AZCentral website (Arlyssa D. Becenti). Here’s an excerpt:

March 13, 2026

Key Points

  • Residents of the Navajo community of Burnham, New Mexico, have raised concerns about the expansion of a coal mine, including its environmental impact and a lack of transparency .
  • The Navajo Transitional Energy Company has proposed expanding the Navajo Mine, potentially extending its life by 110 years.
  • Opponents question the need for a 110-year expansion, as the mine’s only customer is a power plant set to close in 2031.

Dailan Long, with his relatives and other members of the Navajo community in Burnham, New Mexico, has long worked to defend their community from coal industry efforts to expand access to the areaโ€”an ongoing struggle that has led him to ask, โ€œAre we always going to keep fighting?โ€ The latest threat is a proposed expansion of the Navajo Mine by theย Navajo Transitional Energy Company, a plan that could keep the operation running for 110 years, even though the only coal-fired power plant in the area is set to close in 2031. Long, his relative Joni Lapahie, and other community members are working to raise awareness about the proposal, which they say surfaced only recently despite assurances from their chapter administration. NTEC has submitted an application for the โ€œNo Name Permit,โ€ after the No Name arroyo runs through the permit area. It would expand coal mining operations across about 11,526 acres. NTEC proposes to mine 9,042 acres of the area, with a maximum annual production rate of 5 million tons of coal per year, starting in 2031. The total mined coal would be approximately 503 million tons, extending the mineโ€™s life to 2136. In late January, the Office of Surface Mining held a scoping meeting at the Burnham Chapter House, where members of the community, environmental justice groups and employees voiced their concerns or support for the expansion. The office said during the meeting that it intends to prepare a draft environmental impact statement by August less than a year after NTEC submitted its permit application package application. Many critics of the expansion say that’s too quick of a turn around.

It’s getting hot in here … and it ain’t just the January Thaw: Plus: #ColoradoRiver Chronicles; Big Bend Border Wall boondoggle — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org) #COriver #aridification

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

February 27, 2026

๐Ÿฅต Aridification Watch ๐Ÿซ

Back in the late 1990s and early 2000s, when I lived in Silverton, Colorado, elevation 9,318 feet, we often experienced a โ€œJanuary thaw.โ€ย It was a period of a few sunny, warm days between storms that usually fell in January but could also occur in February. If you could find a south-facing deck that was protected from the wind and free of dangling, skull-piercing icicles, you could sit out in shirtsleeves, soak up some vitamin D, and maybe even get a little bit of a suntan. Then winter, below zero temperatures, and super snowy San Juaners would return, finally and grudgingly departing sometime in late May.

A pretty big swath of the Southwest is about to experience a February thaw of its own, according to National Weather Service forecasts, including in these hot spots:

  • Phoenixโ€™s mercury could climb into the low- to mid-90s this weekend [February 28 – March 1, 2026], with overnight lows in the 60s.
  • Durango, Colorado, is expecting to hit 66ยฐ F on Sunday (with lows staying above freezing).
  • It will be prime bike-riding weather in Moab, where the highs could climb into the low 70s.
  • And even Silverton will get up into the 50s, with the overnight lows dipping only a few degrees below freezing โ€” bad news for the snow.
  • Denver is under a red flag warning for fire danger today, and will see temperatures in the high 60s.

During a โ€œnormalโ€ winter, this wouldnโ€™t be alarming in the slightest. In fact, it would be a welcome respite from winter. Now it threatens to wipe out any indication that it even is winter by potentially erasing the snowpack gained during last weekโ€™s storms. The Upper Colorado River Basinโ€™s snowpack is exactly at the same level as it was on this date in 2002. Ohhh boy, if those March storms donโ€™t arrive itโ€™s going to be a long, dry summer.


The trouble with normal … — Jonathan P. Thompson


๐Ÿ’ง Colorado River Chronicles ๐ŸŸ

As a deal between the seven Colorado states for how to divvy up massive consumption cuts seems less and less likely, Arizona is getting a bit more aggressive.This week the Protecting Arizonaโ€™s Lifeline Coalition launched a PR campaign, complete with videos, attempting to pressure the Upper Basin states to let more water flow downstream to its Lower Basin neighbors. 

Arizona is understandably worried: The Central Arizona Projectโ€™s water rights are junior to most of the other large users in the Lower Basin, meaning they would be among the first to take cuts if there were a shortage. The window for a dramatic improvement in Upper Basin snowpack is rapidly closing, thereby increasing the likelihood of a shortage later this year. 

The campaign includes a series of videos with various officials making their case. There are also a few educational ones that do a nice job of explaining the Colorado River Compact, and are really worth a watch. However, I should warn you that they are coming from a Lower Basin perspective, meaning they interpret one clause of the Compact, Article III(d), significantly differently than the Upper Basin states. And yet, thatโ€™s what their entire argument relies on. 

That clause states that the Upper Basin must โ€œnot cause the flow of the river at Lee Ferry to be depleted below an aggregate of 75 million acre-feetโ€ for any 10-year period. 

The Upper Basin sees this as a โ€œnon-depletion obligation,โ€ meaning it blocks them from exceeding their 7.5 MAF/year allocation if it causes the Lee Ferry flow to fall below a 7.5 MAF/year average. The Lower Basin sees it as a โ€œminimum delivery obligation,โ€ meaning that the Upper Basin is obliged to send an average of 7.5 MAF past Lee Ferry no matter what, even if that means draining all of its reservoirs and drying out its fields and cities.

Keeping that in mind, check out the video:


A Colorado River glossary and primer — Jonathan P. Thompson

The Colorado River Crisis is Here — Jonathan P. Thompson


๐Ÿคฏ Oh, the Humans! ๐Ÿ˜ฑ

In a comment on Tuesdayโ€™s dispatch, reader Steve Harris suggested a story on the U.S. Customs and Border Protection fast-tracking a 200-mile segment of border wall through Big Bend National Park.

This is a super important issue. And itโ€™s not only in Big Bend: The entire border wall is an environmental disaster, slashing through biologically diverse, beautiful country and cutting off migratory routes and movement for mountain lions, javelina, coyotes, ocelot, deer, desert bighorns, and even jaguars. Keep in mind that itโ€™s not just a fence, itโ€™s a giant piece of infrastructure that requires bulldozing all the vegetation and even blasting through the landscape. Besides that, we taxpayers are forking out billions of dollars for something that isnโ€™t all that great at doing what itโ€™s supposed to do.

For me itโ€™s especially heartbreaking to see the wall cut through the borderlands south of Tucson, down in the Patagonia Mountains. Many years ago my dad took my brother and I along some little road through there right up against the border, which at the time was just a barbed wire fence. It was incredible country, so quiet and mostly humanity-free.

The stakes are equally as high in the Big Bend area, where both ecological and cultural treasures are at risk. Unfortunately Iโ€™ve never been to Big Bend, and itโ€™s a little ways outside the region I normally cover, so Iโ€™m not going to try to pretend to know whatโ€™s going on there. But a lot of other smart folks have written about it and are trying to block the new stretch of wall, so Iโ€™ll share some of that here:

  • Border Patrol mapย of existing, planned, and awarded segments of wall, including the stretch through Big Bend โ€” which consists of about 100 miles of actual physical wall plus segments of โ€œdetection technologyโ€ in the most rugged areas.
  • The Border Wall Mapย with videos showing whatโ€™s at stake.
  • Theย Texas Observerย has aย good storyย on the wall plans and the way the โ€œBig Beautiful Billโ€ not only allocates $46.5 billion to build the monstrosity, but also erased existing protections for some areas.
  • The Texas Tribuneย andย Inside Climate Newsย worked together on a story thatย talks about local opposition.
  • Peer-reviewed study on how the border wall impedes wildlife movement.
๐ŸŒต Public Lands ๐ŸŒฒ

Environmental groups and environmentally-oriented media outlets are making a pretty big stink over the confirmation hearings for Steve Pearce, Trumpโ€™s pick to lead the Bureau of Land Management. Thereโ€™s a good reason for this: Pearce is well known for his hostility toward the BLM and the public lands it oversees, and he has also indicated a desire to sell off public land โ€” a stance he failed to renounce during this weekโ€™s hearings.

Pearce is a bad choice for this job. But is it worth spending a lot of resources to get him ousted? Probably not.

If the Senate does not confirm Pearce, then the administration will just find some other bozo to do the job, which in this case is basically a middle manager tasked with carrying out the agenda of Interior Secretary Doug Burgum. Burgum, in turn, is merely executing the Trump administrationโ€™s, i.e. Project 2025, policies.

Which I have to say is disappointing and sad. Before he was a cabinet member, Burgum seemed like a reasonable enough guy. Sure he has ties to oil and gas interests, but he also appeared to be a Teddy Roosevelt Republican โ€” an old school conservative and conservationist who valued public lands. He even managed to garner the endorsement of outdoor retailer REIโ€™s board along with that of the hook and bullet crowd.

Instead, he has prostrated himself to the extractive industries, embraced coal mining and oil and gas drilling, and shattered environmental protections for public lands left and right. His distinguishing features as a cabinet member have been his unwavering sneer-like grin and his tendency to fawn over Trump โ€” and coal.

***

Your energy and outrage might be better spent on convincing Congress to shoot down Sen. Mike Leeโ€™s, R-Utah, attempt to use the Congressional Review Act to revoke the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument management plan. If the โ€œresolution of disapprovalโ€ passes both chambers of Congress with a simple majority vote, it would erase the plan and bar the Bureau of Land Management from issuing another plan that is โ€œsubstantially the sameโ€ in the future.

Republicans in the current Congress used the CRA โ€” which allows Congress to revoke recently implemented administrative rules โ€” to do away with resource management plans in Alaska, Montana, and North Dakota. Thatโ€™s in spite of the fact that RMPs are not considered โ€œrules,โ€ according to a January 2025 opinion by the Interior Departmentโ€™s Solicitor. National monument management plans arenโ€™t rules, either, but thatโ€™s not a hindrance for Lee.

This wouldnโ€™t change the boundaries of the monument, but would likely cause management of the area to revert back to the 2020, Trump I-era plan. That plan was not only less protective than the newer one, but only applied to a much smaller area, since in 2017 Trump had significantly shrunk the national monument. Revoking the current management plan, then, would leave vast areas of the monument in a sort of management limbo.

It would also open the door to revoking other national monument management plans (e.g. Bears Ears), allowing the GOP to carry out Project 2025โ€™s goal of shrinking or eliminating national monuments in a less visible, more underhanded manner.


Just a couple reminders from a few years ago that it does snow, and it will snow again โ€” just maybe not this spring. Jonathan P. Thompson photos.

Bringing the crowds back to Arches National Park, other national parks: And other public lands briefs — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org)

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

February 24, 2026

๐ŸŒต Public Lands ๐ŸŒฒ

Just when you thought the GOPโ€™s assaults on public lands couldnโ€™t get any worse, the Trump administration launched a new blitzkrieg on environmental protections.That includes eviscerating the National Environmental Policy Act, the federal law requiring agencies to analyze, mitigate, and avoid impacts of major federal projects and projects on public land.

Interior Secretary Doug Burgum this week announced the โ€œrescission of more than 80% of Interiorโ€™s prior NEPA regulations.โ€ The changes, which includes limiting public comment, are aimed at streamlining permitting across the board, much as the department did with its โ€œemergency permitting proceduresโ€ for oil and gas, uranium, coal, and critical minerals projects on public lands.

Associate Deputy Secretary Karen Budd-Falen, who is in hot water over potential ethics violations, lauded the changes, saying in a statement: โ€œThese reforms will help unleash American energy, strengthen rural communities ,and deliver real results faster for the American people.โ€ As long as they are fossil fuels, that is, since Interior has put a de facto blockade on solar and wind developments on public lands.

Burgum finalized the NEPA rules a few days after opening 2.1 million acres of previously protected public lands in Alaskaโ€™s Dalton Corridor to new mining claims and oil and gas drilling.

***

An oil and gas drilling and hydraulic fracturing operation in the Greater Chaco Region near where the BLM plans to sell more leases this August. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

The Bureau of Land Management is, thankfully, still taking comments on proposed oil and gas leases, though itโ€™s not clear that they will pay them any heed. You have until March 23 to give your two cents on the Farmington Field Officeโ€™s plan to auction 12 parcels covering about 16,856 acres this August. The parcels are on the checkerboard, with the biggest block of them about 20 miles east of Chaco Culture National Historical Park.

Find more information and comment at the agencyโ€™s project page.

***

This week confirmation hearings begin for Steve Pearce, Trumpโ€™s pick to lead the BLM and oversee some 245 million acres of public land.

Pearce is a hard-right Republican, former congressman from New Mexico, and no friend of public lands or environmental protections. Pearceโ€™s political career was infused with hostility toward the agency he has been nominated to oversee. Pearce has opposed new national monument designations, is a fan of drilling public lands, has tried to weaken or eliminate the Endangered Species Act, lied about wolves in an effort to defund the Mexican wolf recovery program, received a 4% score from the League of Conservation Voters.

A few months ago we would have considered his confirmation a slam-dunk, since at the time most Republicans were still willing to debase themselves to any degree to curry favor with Trump. But with Trumpโ€™s approval rating plummeting as he suffers from more frequent cognitive mishaps and more revelations of his involvement with Jeffrey Epstein, the Senate may not be so friendly to Pearce.

***

The News: The National Park Service โ€œexpands access,โ€ a.k.a. limits or eliminates timed-entry reservation systems, at Arches, Yosemite, Glacier, and Rocky Mountain National Parks, sparking fears that unmanageable crowds will once again overwhelm the popular parks.

The Context: In the wake of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, when Zoom boomers flooded Western communities and the masses descended on the surrounding public lands, people became increasingly concerned about the resulting crowds at national parks and at popular non-park trails and sites. Not only did the crowds risk damaging the parksโ€™ resources, but they also potentially screwed up the visitorsโ€™ experiences.

In Arches National Park, for example, cars backed up at the entry gate for close to a mile, parking lots were crammed with vehicles and trail-jams werenโ€™t uncommon, and on especially busy days park officials had to actually shut the gates and turn folks away โ€” even those who may have traveled from abroad to see Delicate Arch.

To ease the pressure, the National Park Service in 2022 instituted a timed-entry reservation system during the busiest months of the year. This limited the number of people entering the park, but it also ensured the ones that made a reservation that they wouldnโ€™t be turned away. The system led to a sharp drop in visitation during its first year, though the number of people entering the park averaged around 4,000 per day. But it has climbed every year since, including in 2025 when other Canyon Country parks saw visitation decline.

Still, some locals, presumably those of the quantity over quality variety, pushed back, saying the new system was diminishing visitation and hurting the local tourism industry. Last fall, Grand County Commissioner Brian Martinez asked the park service to revoke the timed-entry system and to build up the parkโ€™s infrastructure to enable it to maximize visitor numbers. The Trump administrationโ€™s park service apparently listened, and now timed-entry is no more.


Neither fire, smoke, nor searing heat can stop the public land swarms — Jonathan P. Thompson

You wanna know how old I am? Iโ€™m old enough to remember, way, way back to the days of yore, when federal officials and gateway-town chambers of commerce were wringing their hands in concern over a nationwide decline in visitation to national parks. Over a 13-year period, visitor numbers to 58 โ€œnature-basedโ€ national parksโ€”Arches, Yosemite, Yellowstone, โ€ฆ

๐Ÿ“ Regulatory Capture Chronicles ๐ŸฆŠ

Trumpโ€™s apparent disdain for clean air (and a healthy public) was manifested in recent weeks as the administration not only rolled back the EPAโ€™s โ€œendangerment finding,โ€ which authorizes it to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, but also the Biden-era mercury toxic air standards. 

Mercury emissions are an environmental and public health hazard. The Four Corners-area coal plants once kicked out more than four thousand pounds of mercury each year, along with thousands of pounds of selenium and copper and hundreds more pounds of lead, arsenic, and cadmium, not to mention sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and other pollutants. 

Aquatic Mercury Cycle. Graphic credit: USGS

Those emissions have decreased considerably over the years as federal regulations kicked in and as coal plants were shuttered altogether. Still, the Four Corners plant puts out about 150 pounds of mercury each year, along with varying quantities of other toxic metals. Most of these pollutants are then deposited in the surrounding water, on the land, and on homes. For years, rain and snow falling on Mesa Verde National Park have contained some of the highest levels of mercury in the nation, and elevated levels have even been found on Molas Pass, just south of Silverton. The mercury is then taken up by bacteria in lakes and rivers, which convert it to highly toxic methylmercury, which then enters the food chain. Mercury messes with fishesโ€™ brains, and even at relatively low concentrations can impair bird and fish reproduction and health. Itโ€™s not so good for the people who live near the plant, drink the water, or eat those fish, either.

Because most existing coal plants in the West already complied with the Biden regulations, Trumpโ€™s rollback isnโ€™t expected to have a significant effect in most cases (unless power plants dismantle existing pollution-control equipment). However, it is expected to allow the Colstrip coal plant in Montana โ€” one of the nationโ€™s worst polluters โ€” to continue to operate (the operators complained that compliance with the Biden rule would have forced it out of business).

The San Juan Generating Station back when all four units were still operating, and spewing mercury and other nastiness on the area and its residents. The plant was shuttered in 2022 and has mostly been demolished. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

๐Ÿ Things that get my Goat ๐Ÿ

I probably shouldnโ€™t put this here, but geez, really? Arenโ€™t we over the whole โ€œThe West is a big empty space that we can clutter up with our myths and technology and nuclear wasteโ€ complex? I guess not. Iโ€™m sure this guy, who is clearly from somewhere that is not the Western U.S., means well. But he needs to figure out that the Westโ€™s โ€œemptyโ€ spaces are actually full of life and beauty and, well, space, which most of us value quite highly.

Granted, the spaces shown in this guyโ€™s pictures do look like they may have been extensively grazed, but that does not mean they are appropriate places for a bunch of damned power- and water-guzzling data centers and their associated energy facilities.


Data Centers: The Big Buildup of the Digital Age — Jonathan P. Thompson


๐Ÿค– Data Center Watch ๐Ÿ‘พ

๐ŸŒž Good News! ๐Ÿ˜Ž

A new study has shown that it is possible, in some cases, to build large-scale solar systems without destroying the desert on which they sit.

The Gemini Solar Project in southern Nevada is one of the nationโ€™s largest such facilities, covering about 5,000 acres of desert land. During its construction in 2022, the developers refrained from the full โ€œblade-and-gradeโ€ site preparation that is typical, and instead worked to minimize disturbance and leave some areas of vegetation and soils completely intact.

A group of researchers from the Desert Research Institute and the U.S. Geological Survey surveyed the plant population โ€” with a focus on the rare and sensitive threecorner milkvetch โ€” before and two years after construction. Their hypothesis was that the facility would detrimentally affect the plant, and that the areas nearer the panels would see the biggest impacts.

What they found is that not only did the milkvetch survive, but it actually thrived โ€œwithin the novel environment created at Gemini.โ€ The plants found after construction were larger and more fecund than those found off-site. โ€œOur results suggest that the altered environment created by panel arrays did not alter threecorner milkvetch survivorship at Gemini.โ€

Itโ€™s just one study focused on one solar installation and one plant. But it does suggest that, if done correctly, utility-scale solar development does not have to be a desertโ€™s death knell.


In related, but less sunny news: Lawmakers from a handful of states have proposed bills that would make it easier for residents and businesses to install plug-in or balcony solar panels. While these panels donโ€™t generate a ton of electricity, they are relatively inexpensive and, as the name indicates, are pretty simple to hook up. They are common in parts of Europe, especially Germany, and are gaining popularity in the U.S. since the Trump administration has killed most federal rooftop solar subsidies. The legislation is mostly aimed at allowing folks to plug these things in without a permit or go-ahead from the utility. 

Last year, Utah, of all places, actually passed one of these bills. But so far this year plug-in solar legislation has died in Wyoming and in Arizona, after utilities expressed concerns. Come on! The California bill seems to still be alive. 

Parting Note

Iโ€™ll be leading a couple of workshops and giving a talk at this yearโ€™s Entrada Institute โ€œWriting from the Landโ€ on May 14-16 in Torrey, Utah. Check it out:

Federal Water Tap, February 23, 2026: In Separate Lawsuits EPA Upholds, Rejects Biden-Era Drinking Water Rules — Brett Walton (circleofblue.org)

The San Juan River has peaked above 8,000 cfs twice in October 2025, reaching the highest levels seen since the 1927 flood. Source: USGS.

Click the link to read the article on the Circle of Blue website (Brett Walton):

The Rundown

  • EPA asks federal court to pause part of its regulations forย PFASย in drinking water.
  • EPA also says it will uphold Biden-eraย lead pipeย replacement requirements.
  • DOE once again orders aย Michigan coal plantย to continue operating.
  • Congress will holdย hearingsย this week on safe drinking water, water-related legislation, and an Army Corps authorization bill.
  • U.S. Supreme Court will hold oral arguments this week for theย Line 5 oil pipeline case.
  • EPA seeks comments on ways to reduce regulatory burden forย hazardous substance spill response plans.
  • FEMA continues to be slow in approvingย disaster declarationsย in Democratic-led states.

And lastly, the White House promotes domestic phosphorus mining and glyphosate production by conferring โ€œimmunityโ€ under the Defense Production Act.

โ€œConsistent with these findings, I find that ensuring robust domestic elemental phosphorus mining and United States-based production of glyphosate-based herbicides is central to American economic and national security. Without immediate Federal action, the United States remains inadequately equipped and vulnerable.โ€ โ€“ President Trumpโ€™s executive order that grants these activities (phosphorus mining and glyphosate production) immunity from โ€œdamages or penaltiesโ€ for any activity related to the order. The underlying law is the Defense Production Act. Phosphorus and glyphosate are foundational elements of modern American agribusiness. They are in fertilizer and the weedkiller Roundup. But they are also primary water pollutants that contribute to harmful algal blooms or are linked to cancer and other illnesses.

In context: Toxic Terrain

News Briefs

EPA PFAS Lawsuit
The EPA is continuing to make its case in court that the agencyโ€™s Biden-era regulation of four PFAS in drinking water should be paused while it works on a new regulation that would officially rescind them, Bloomberg Law reports.

Two of the regulated chemicals โ€“ PFOA and PFOS โ€“ have standard numerical limits. The four others โ€“ PFNA, PFHxS, PFBS, and GenX โ€“ would also be regulated as a group, using whatโ€™s known as a โ€œhazard index.โ€ This is the first time the agency has used such an approach for drinking water regulation.

The court in January rejected the EPAโ€™s request to vacate the hazard index component. The agency now wants to separate the hazard index from the rest of the litigation.

Two water utility groups โ€“ the American Water Works Association and Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies โ€“ filed the lawsuit in June 2024 in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit.

In the court filing, the agency says that it has drafted a notice of rulemaking to rescind the hazard index and plans to โ€œcommence the rulemaking process imminently.โ€

Lead Pipe Replacement
In a separate lawsuit, the EPA said it would uphold the Biden administrationโ€™s 10-year timeline for most cities to replace lead drinking water pipes, the Associated Press reports.

The lawsuit challenging the timeline was also brought by the American Water Works Association, which argued that it was not feasible.

Michigan Coal Plant Operating Order Extended
The Department of Energy once again extended the life of a Michigan coal-fired power plant.

This is the fourth 90-day order to keep the J.H. Campbell Generating Plant operating. The DOE argues that closing the plant is a threat to grid reliability. It is also costing Consumers Energy, the plant owner, a lot of money โ€“ at least $80 million through last September. The company will likely recover costs through customer rate increases or surcharges.

Consumers intended to shut down the plant in May 2025.

In context: The Energy Boom Is Coming for Great Lakes Water

Hazardous Spill Response Plans

The EPA, at the prompting of regulated facilities, is considering changing federal requirements for hazardous substance spill plans, which are authorized under the Clean Water Act to guide emergency response in case a large volume of toxic chemicals is released into waterways.

The requirements in questions were established in 2024 during the Biden administration and apply to onshore non-transportation facilities โ€“ things like chemical manufacturers, oil and gas operators, gas stations, hospitals.

The agency is seeking comment on whether it should simplify the rules for determining which facilities are required to file response plans. Public comments are due March 20 and can be submitted via www.regulations.gov using docket number EPA-HQ-OLEM-2025-1707.

Studies and Reports

Disaster Declarations and Approvals
FEMA approved a disaster declaration for Louisiana, which the state requested on February 5 following a late-January storm. And it approved a declaration for a Washington, D.C. sewer line that collapsed on January 19.

The federal disaster agency, meanwhile, has rejected or has been slow to approve requests from Democratic-run states. FEMA has not acted on Washington stateโ€™s January 21 request.

Arizona and Illinois are appealing requests from last fall that were rejected. Colorado is appealing two requests from January 16 that were denied.

Chinook Salmon Decision
The National Marine Fisheries Service decided against listing the Washington coast segment of Chinook salmon as endangered or threatened, saying the population faces low extinction risk.

This is the result of the agencyโ€™s 12-month review, an in-depth assessment of the threats to a species. In response to a petition from the Center for Biological Diversity, the agency had made a preliminary, 90-day decision during the Biden administration that listing the species may be necessary.

Washington coast Chinook salmon spawn north of the Columbia River and west of the Elwha River, a geography that includes the Olympic peninsula.

On the Radar

Line 5 in the U.S. Supreme Court
On February 24, the nationโ€™s high court will hear oral arguments in a case involving the controversial Line 5 oil pipeline that crosses the Straits of Mackinac between lakes Huron and Michigan.

The case centers on a jurisdictional matter: should the lawsuit seeking to shut down the 73-year-old pipeline be heard in state or federal court?

Dana Nessel, the Michigan attorney general, filed the case in state court in 2019 alleging that Enbridgeโ€™s continued operation of the pipeline violated state law.

In context: Federal Judge: Michigan Has No Authority to Shut Down Line 5

Colorado River DEIS Comments Due
The Bureau of Reclamation is accepting public comments through March 2 on its draft plan for managing the Colorado River reservoirs after current rules expire at the end of the year.

Submit comments via crbpost2026@usbr.gov.

Congressional Hearings
On February 24, a House Energy and Commerce subcommittee will hold a hearing on safe drinking water in the United States.

Also on February 24, a Senate Energy and Natural Resources subcommittee will discuss 18 water-related bills, including rural water supply systems, snow water forecasting, and water recycling.

There are two hearings this week on the next Water Resources Development Act, the legislation that authorizes Army Corps projects for dams, levees, ports, and ecosystem restoration.

The action starts on February 24 with a House Transportation and Infrastructure subcommittee. The head of the Army Corps will testify, as will the chief of engineers.

Then on February 25, the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works holds its own hearing.

Federal Water Tapย is a weekly digest spotting trends in U.S. government water policy. To get more water news,ย followย Circle of Blue on Twitter and sign up for our newsletter.

2026 Conservation in the West Poll — State of the Rockies Project

Dark Skies Over Bears Ears, Valley of the Gods, Utah, This photo was taken late at night in the middle of the desert. Over the Fourth of July, I traveled to Southeast Utah to interview people and take some final light readings in Blanding and Monticello Utah while working for the State of the Rockies Project Dark Skies Team. The whole summer I had been trying to get a reading within the “no visible light” range. This night I was able to do so. It was so dark that my light meter didn’t even work, but once I switched out my lens to a fisheye, the whole sky appeared on my camera in front of me. For me, this image represents something I had been looking for all summer. I had heard people speak about the sky in Bears Ears and why it was so worth protecting, but to see the stars for myself was something else entirely. Photo by Megan O’Brien, ’25

Click the link to read the release on the Colorado College website:

February 18, 2026

Here’s the release:

Mountain West Voters Show Growing Concerns Over Public Land Protections Heading into 2026 Elections

State of the Rockies Project survey shows tension over direction of land management and energy priorities, and desire for conservation of scarce water resources and public lands.

COLORADO SPRINGSโ€”Results from Colorado Collegeโ€™s 16th annual State of the Rockies Projectย Conservation in the West Pollย released today show widespread concern among Western voters about rollbacks of protections for land, water, and wildlife and cuts to funding for public land management.

The poll, which surveyed voters in eight Mountain West statesโ€”Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyomingโ€”found that Western voters across party lines are prioritizing conservation, recreation, and renewables over fossil fuel development heading into this year’s midterm elections.

Highlights from the Poll

  • 84%ย of Western votersย say that the rollback of laws that protect our land, water, and wildlifeย is a serious problem, a sharp increase from prior years.
  • 85%ย of respondents say issues involving public lands, waters, and wildlife are important in deciding whether toย support a public official.
  • 86%ย of Western voters deemย funding cuts to public landsย a serious problem, including 76% of Republicans.
  • 70% of respondentsย oppose fast-tracking oil, gas and mining projects on national public lands by reducing environmental reviews and local public input.
  • 72% of Westerners prefer expanding renewable energy overย drilling and mining for more fossil fuels.
  • 76%ย of Western votersโ€”more Western voters than ever beforeโ€”say they would prefer their member of Congress to placeย more emphasis on conservation and recreation on public landsย over maximizing energy production.
  • 74%ย of Western votersย oppose selling some national public landsย for oil and gas development.
  • 91%ย of Western voters say existingย national monument designations should be kept in place.

As policymakers look ahead to the upcoming midterm elections,ย 85% of voters in Mountain West states say issues involving public lands, waters, and wildlife are important in deciding whether to support a candidate.

โ€œAt a time of growing pressure on land and water in the West, the call to action from voters is clear and bipartisan: Westerners want funding and stewardship for public lands and natural resources, โ€ย said Ian Johnson, Director of Strategic Initiatives & Sustainabilityย at Colorado College.

Voters want to prioritize renewable energy sources.ย When asked to prioritize energy sources, voters across party lines selected solar as their top choice, while coal was the least desired, with only 7% of respondents listing coal as a first or second priority.

Funding cuts to public land management have proven unpopular with Western voters. Recent funding cuts have reduced the number of firefighters, park rangers, scientists, and other employees working to protect public lands, water, and wildlife over the last year. These cuts to public land management have 86% of voters across party lines concerned, including 75% of MAGA supporters.

Western voters also oppose the sale of public lands and the elimination of public land protections.ย Even with rising housing costs, 76% of Western voters oppose selling public lands for housing. Additionally, 74% of Western voters oppose selling public lands to private companies for oil, gas, and mining development.

Scarce water resources continue to be a concern for Westerners,ย particularly in states that have experienced droughts. Westerners consider scarce water resources a serious problem, with 87% of Western voters concerned about inadequate water supplies. Accordingly, 83% of voters in states along the Colorado River or its tributaries would support an agreement requiring all states to reduce their use of the Colorado River to preserve its health. This emphasis on water protection is particularly salient, as 80% of Westerners say data centers are a threat to water quality and supply in the West.

This is the sixteenth consecutive year Colorado College gauged the publicโ€™s sentiment on public lands and conservation issues. The 2026 Colorado Collegeย Conservation in the West Pollย is a bipartisan survey conducted by Republican pollster Lori Weigel of New Bridge Strategy and Democratic pollster Miranda Everitt of Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin, Metz & Associates. The survey is funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.

The poll surveyed at least 400 registered voters in each of eight Western states (AZ, CO, ID, MT, NV, NM, UT, & WY) for a total 3,419-voter sample, which included an over-sample of Black and Native American voters. The survey was conducted between January 2-18, 2026 and the effective margin of error is +2.4% at the 95% confidence interval for the total sample; and at most +4.9% for each state. The full survey and individual state surveys are available on the State of the Rockies Projectย website.

About Colorado College

Colorado College is a nationally prominent four-year liberal arts college that was founded in Colorado Springs in 1874. The College operates on the innovative Block Plan, in which its 2,200 undergraduate students study one course at a time in intensive three and a half-week segments. For the past eighteen years, the college has sponsored theย State of the Rockies Project,ย which encourages students to conduct interdisciplinary investigations around the region to build on and deepen what we know about the challenges we face living in the Rocky Mountain West, and what to do about them.

About Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin, Metz & Associates

Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin, Metz & Associates (FM3)โ€”a national Democratic opinion research firm with offices in Oakland, Los Angeles and Portland, Oregonโ€”has specialized in public policy oriented opinion research since 1981. The firm has assisted hundreds of political campaigns at every level of the ballotโ€”from President to City Councilโ€”with opinion research and strategic guidance. FM3 also provides research and strategic consulting to public agencies, businesses and public interest organizations nationwide.

About New Bridge Strategy

New Bridge Strategy is a Colorado-based, woman-owned and operated opinion research company specializing in public policy and campaign research. As a Republican polling firm that has led the research for hundreds of successful political and public affairs campaigns, New Bridge has helped coalitions bridging the political spectrum in crafting winning ballot measure campaigns, public education campaigns, and legislative policy efforts.

About Hispanic Access Foundation

Hispanic Access Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, connects Latinos with partners and opportunities to improve lives and create an equitable society. Our vision is that one day every Hispanic individual in America will enjoy good physical health and a healthy natural environment, a quality education, economic success, and civic engagement in their communities with the sum of improving the future of America. For more information visit http://www.hispanicaccess.org.

In Stevens Canyon. Photo credit: Joe Ruffert

Putting land into the public’s hands: And other bits and pieces — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org)

Fields, trees, and the Abajos. North of Dove Creek, Abajo Mountains in the distance. Photo credit: Jonathan P. Thompson/The Land Desk

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

January 30, 2026

Updated to get the graphics right.

๐ŸŒต Public Lands ๐ŸŒฒ

If youโ€™ve ever floated the Gunnison River in western Colorado through the Dominguez-Escalante National Conservation Area between Delta and Grand Junction, youโ€™ve probably noticed that the land on either side of the stream alternates between public parcels and private ranch land. If the Bureau of Land Management has its way, some 4,000 acres of that private land will soon be entering the public domain, according to reporting from the Grand Junction Daily Sentinel. Thatโ€™s right, the agency is putting more lovely land into the publicโ€™s hands. 

The parcels were formerly operated as a ranch by Dick Miller. After he died, the Conservation Fund purchased the land from Millerโ€™s son for an undisclosed amount in order to sell it to the BLM. The associated BLM grazing leases will reportedly be transferred back to the BLM, but it isnโ€™t clear whether theyโ€™ll be made available for grazing again.


The BLM is also looking to put a lot of public land into oil and gas companiesโ€™ hands. The agency is seeking public input on proposals to lease 74 parcels covering 33,530 acres in New Mexico, and 271 oil and gas parcels totaling 357,358 acres in Wyoming. 

The New Mexico parcels are mostly in the Permian Basin, but do include tracts in the San Juan Basin located north and northeast of Chaco Culture National Historical Park (but not within the ten-mile buffer zone, which remains in place โ€” for now). 

The Wyoming parcels are concentrated in the southern part of the state between Rawlins and Green River, the central part of the state, and the Powder River Basin.

๐Ÿฆซ Wildlife Watch ๐Ÿฆ…

Wolves in the West have had a rough go of it ever since white settlers showed up in the 1800s and proceeded to slaughter them en masse. And while theyโ€™ve been able to recover somewhat in the Northern Rockies, thanks in part to endangered species protections and reintroduction efforts, the move to bring them back to Colorado and the Southwest has hit obstacles โ€” and tragedy, including:

  • Another reintroduced wolf has died in Colorado, reports the Colorado Sunโ€™s Tracy Ross, bringing the total number of wolf fatalities since the start of reintroduction to 11. The cause of death has not been determined.
  • Meanwhile, Colorado Parks and Wildlife has paused new wolf reintroductions because it hasnโ€™t been able to find another state or tribal nation to provide the animals.
  • Utah Department of Agriculture officials killed three wolves in the northern part of the state on Jan. 9. While wolves are protected by the Endangered Species Act in most of the state, they were delisted in one small section along the Wyoming border when protections were lifted for the Northern Rockies population. Now, apparently, the state will kill any wolves that wander into that area, just because they can, and to prevent them from going into the protected zone. Thatโ€™s despite the fact that the three animals had not killed or stalked any livestock. โ€œI have not heard any of my neighbors, and we havenโ€™t had the experience ourselves that weโ€™ve had actual issues with our cattle and wolves,โ€ area livestock owner Launie Evans told KSL.
  • And in more sad news: โ€œTaylor,โ€ the Mexican gray wolf that wandered out of southern New Mexico and into the Mt. Taylor region, was found dead on I-40 near Grants. Taylor first roamed onto Mt. Taylor early last year, apparently not realizing that the feds donโ€™t allow wolves to cross I-40. Wildlife officials captured him and deported him back to the southland, but he was persistent, and simply turned around and headed north again. He was removed again in November, but couldnโ€™t stay away from Mt. Taylor. This time, on his return journey, he was struck by a vehicle.

    โ€œTaylorโ€™s death is a heartbreaking reminder that highways like I-40 are not just lines on a map, they are lethal barriers for wildlife,โ€ said Claire Musser, executive director of the Grand Canyon Wolf Recovery Project, in a statement. โ€œAbolishing I-40 as a management boundary is long overdue. If we are serious about recovery, we must allow wolves to move freely across suitable habitats and invest in wildlife crossings and landscape-scale connectivity so highways no longer function as death traps.โ€
  • And, finally, CPWโ€™s latest map of wolf activity is out (at the top of this section), and it shows that wolves have been wandering into new parts of the state. Folks in the Silverton area might just be seeing some soon. If you think you see one, but arenโ€™t sure if itโ€™s a wolf or coyote, this little guide from CPW might help:


Longread: On wolves, wildness, and hope in trying times: How Ol Big Foot’s story restored a shard of optimism — Jonathan P. Thompson


โ›๏ธ Mining Monitor โ›๏ธ

Public Citizen just released an accounting of some of the ways the Trump administration is subsidizing global mining corporations and their operations on public lands โ€” and the ways in which executives made off like bandits as a result. Itโ€™s worth reading the whole report, but here are just a small sampling of highlights:

  • $8.8 million: Amount 13 mining corporations, including Rio Tinto, Resolution Copper, South32, Lithium Americas, and Ambler Metals, spent on lobbying in 2025.
  • $3.5 million: Amount Lithium America paid Interior Department official Karen Budd-Falenโ€™s husband for water rights for its Thacker Pass mine in Nevada. The federal government also took a 5% stake in the company and the mine as a condition of preserving a Biden-era loan.
  • $400 million: Amount the U.S. Defense Department paid for a stake in Las Vegas-based MP Materials, which owns the Mountain Pass rare earths mine in California. The Pentagon also loaned the company $150 million.

The Bureau of Land Management approved the Grassy Mountain gold and silver mine on 469 acres of public land in Malheur County, Oregon. The action allows Paramount Gold Nevada to develop an underground mine, an onsite mill, and โ€œassociated storageโ€ (which Iโ€™m taking to mean theyโ€™ll be able to dispose of toxic mill tailings on public land mining claims).

๐Ÿ“– Reading (and watching) Room ๐Ÿง

Hereโ€™s a great piece by Leah Sottile, who has written authoritatively on right-wing movements and more, on the plague of hypocrisy going around right now.


The Truth Does Not Change According to Our Ability to Stomach It: 67. Hypocrisy On the whiplash of this chaotic moment — Leah Sottile


The Border Chronicle is indispensable reading these days and, well, always. This piece, titled Border Patrol Nation, is an important look at the violent history of the Border Patrol.

*

And you really should be reading Wayne Hareโ€™s writing over at the Civil Conversations Project.


๐Ÿ“ธ Parting Shot ๐ŸŽž๏ธ

Speaking of hypocrisy: Iโ€™m sure most of you have heard Trump administration officials saying that federal ICE and/or CPB agents shot Alex Pretti because he brought a gun to a protest. The photos below were all captured at the May 2014 Recapture rally in Blanding, Utah. Quite a few of the attendees โ€” who were on hand to protest โ€œfederal overreachโ€ โ€” were armed. None of them were shot. Just sayinโ€™.

Folks exercising the right to bear arms at Recapture Canyon to protest federal overreach. Photo credit: Jonathan P. Thompson

Musical Sendoff

Ancient energy sources power the future: The AI Age perpetuates #fossilfuel burning. — Jonathan P. Thompson (High Country News) #climate

Welcome to the Landline, a monthly newsletter from High Country News about land, water, wildlife, climate and conservation in the Western United States. Sign up to get it in your inbox. Screenshot from the High Country News website.

Click the link to read the article on the High Country News website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

January 29, 2026

The latest iteration of the Information Age appears to have arrived in full-force, manifested as AI, the digital cloud, remote work and the mass migration from the material world into cyberspace. 

A couple of decades ago, when I was feeling optimistic, I envisioned this future as a Jetsons-esque world, where the noisy clang of machinery would give way to a soft electrified hum while robots and artificial intelligence performed menial and mundane tasks, freeing us to live like George Jetson, working a leisurely nine hours a week as a digital index operator at a space sprocket firm. 

This new era would be a vast improvement over the worn-out Industrial Age, mainly because it would come with an energy transition. We would ditch our clanky old machinery โ€” all the smokestacks and pollution and internal combustion engines โ€” trading them for sleek cars that, if not flying, would at least be electric, powered by cleaner, gentler and quieter forms of energy, like wind and solar. 

Data center construction at 49th & Race, Denver. Photo credit: Allen Best

But now, the future is here and AI is everywhere, whether you want it to be or not. It canโ€™t yet wash the dishes, and even though itโ€™s begun taking peopleโ€™s jobs, it hasnโ€™t erased the need to work for a living. It can, however, correct your spelling errors, help researchers crunch huge datasets, diagnose illnesses and even provide what passes for mental health counseling. It can also inject language you never intended into your messages without your knowledge, churn out inane emails and stilted high school essays, and casually plagiarize artists, writers and journalists. 

This new age has its marvelous aspects, I suppose, but it is also disappointing โ€” even baffling. Itโ€™s true that it has coincided with the clean(er) energy transition; coal-burning for power generation has been declining since 2007, while solar, wind and battery storage have boomed. And yet instead of allowing us to abandon the most outdated component of the Industrial Age โ€” the production of power via fossil fuel combustion โ€” the Information Age has helped perpetuate this dirty habit. Our most futuristic, newfangled technologies continue to rely on prehistoric energy. 

Every AI query or other cyber-operation that relies on cloud computing is processed by data centers, warehouse-like buildings housing row after row of servers that churn through digital information. Each individual operation might use a fairly small amount of power, but a single data center handling millions of queries per day can guzzle as much electricity as an entire city. 

And now, the buildup of energy-intensive, AI-processing hyperscale data centers threatens to outpace the energy transition, while giving fossil fuel-boosters justification for continuing to rely on dirty energy sources. To meet the burgeoning demand for power, utilities are nixing plans to shutter old coal and nuclear plants, and data center developers are even constructing new natural gas generators to power their facilities. 

Each time you or I queue up an old Jetsons episode on YouTube or ask ChatGPT whether a video was real or fabricated by Grok, the request travels at roughly the speed of light to a data center. Perhaps that data center happens to be a grid-connected facility in, say, the Phoenix metro area, where hyperscale data centers are sprouting like cheatgrass. The facilityโ€™s GPUs and CPUs run off electricity funneled in from transmission lines that connect to power plants spread across the utilityโ€™s entire grid. 

That means thereโ€™s a good chance that some of that power is coming from the Four Corners coal power plant in northwestern New Mexico, or from natural gas plants burning methane from the oil and gas fields in the nearby San Juan Basin. 

How did all that coal and methane get there in the first place? We have to go back some 145 million years to the beginning of the Cretaceous period, when a shallow, briny sea covered much of what is now the Interior West. Over thousands of millennia, the sea advanced and retreated numerous times, laying down layers of sediment โ€” sand, mud, clay โ€” each time, supplemented by silt carried by huge rivers originating in adjacent mountain ranges.

An artistโ€™s reconstruction of a โ€˜Sarabosaurus dahliโ€™ swimming with ammonites and fish in southern Utah 94 million years ago. Andrey Atuchin/Bureau of Land Management

Embedded within the sediment was organic material, including plants, algae, bacteria, plankton and other microorganisms โ€” along with much larger creatures, from Cretalamna (a megatooth shark) to the Sarabosaurus dahli, which might have resembled some combination of fish, seal and lizard. As the sediment piled up and was subjected to heat and pressure, each layer was transformed into a rock formation: the Dakota sandstone, the Mancos shale, the Mesa Verde sandstone and more. Meanwhile, the organisms decomposed in an oxygen-free environment, eventually transforming into crude oil and methane, or natural gas. 

In the Late Cretaceous, before the dinosaurs went extinct 66 million years ago, the sea retreated for the final time, leaving behind vast freshwater swamps in what is now the San Juan Basin. The climate back then was downright sultry โ€” rainy and warm and almost tropical. Trees and plants grew profusely in and around the shallow marshes, and fallen leaves and toppled trees decayed rapidly, leaving behind deep accumulations of decayed vegetal matter, or peat. Ultimately, this, too, would be transformed by pressure, heat and millions of years into thick, methane-infused coalbeds that are now part of the Fruitland formation.

Coal Mine Canyon is lined with reddish sandstones and siltstones of Mesozoic age. The Canyon is situated in a remote locale bordering the eastern edge of the Painted Desert. On the mesa above the canyon, are longitudinal sands dunes. The quality of coal in the canyon is poor and active coal mining was discontinued decades ago. Photo credit: Ted Grussing/University of Arizona

These days, huge draglines with house-sized shovels tear into the earth at the Navajo Mine, exhuming the remnants of those swamps at a rate of about 14,000 tons daily. The carboniferous rocks are then shipped a few miles north to the Four Corners power plant. In the nearby gas fields, drillers have poked tens of thousands of holes in the ground and hydraulically fractured the rock formations to get at the hydrocarbons, the physical memories of ancient sea creatures, which are then processed and piped to natural gas power plants.

The fuels are burned, releasing carbon and other pollutants that have been stored for millions of years underground, to generate enough steam to turn turbines to spark an electromagnetic field and send electrons across the desert in massive transmission lines to the Arizona grid. From there, they travel to the data centerโ€™s server banks, businesses and homes, ultimately ending up in the outlet next to your bed where you charge your phone. 

Fossil fuel combustion made the Industrial Age possible and continues to drive much of society, both in and out of cyberspace. Yet when you factor in the immense amounts of time, human labor, energy and downright violence required to extract and process and transport these fuels, the whole endeavor seems increasingly bizarre. The strangeness is only magnified by the fact that this ancient form of energy powers the newfangled technology of the Information Age, especially when the same technology has given us access to an abundance of renewable, cleaner forms of power.

Kick the (#coal) can down the road to 2040?: #ColoradoSprings Utilities wants legislation to let it delay retirement of its last coal-burning unit. It will face a fight among environmental groupsย — Allen Best (BigPivots.com)

Ray Nixon power plant. Photo credit: Colorado Springs Utilities

Click the link to read the article on the Big Pivots website (Allen Best):

January 13, 2026

Colorado Springs Utilities stands alone among the electrical utilities in Colorado in saying that it cannot meet its 2030 greenhouse gas reduction targets.

CSU wants to keep the coal-burning unit at the Ray Nixon Plant operating beyond its 2029 scheduled retirement. Four state legislators, two of them Democrats, say they will introduce a bill in the legislative session that begins on Wednesday to do just that.

This proposed bill, according to the draft dated Jan. 5, would require CSU, other municipal utilities and electrical cooperatives to potentially delay meeting the target until 2040, a decade later. They must currently reduce emissions 80% by 2030 as compared to 2005 levels. See 2030 Emission Reduction Goal Challenges (Draft 1-6)

The existing state deadlines would have all but one coal-burning unit in Colorado retired by the end of 2029, leaving only Comanche 3 in Pueblo to operate until the end of 2030. That unit is operated by Xcel Energy and owned by Xcel with two electrical cooperatives as minority owners. It is currently down for repairs.

Colorado Springs began saying almost a year ago that it could not secure enough renewable generation at acceptable prices to meet the carbon-reduction goal. Bids on renewable projects had come in 30% to 50% higher than expected.

Travas Deal, the chief executive of CSU, reiterated his argument at a press conference on Monday. Achieving the deadline of 80% greenhouse gas reductions by 2030 without risking reliability and affordability for the homes, businesses, hospitals and military installations that rely upon electricity from CSU has become increasingly challenging.

He called for a โ€œmeasured approach.โ€

A major theme is that renewables cost more money, and the cost is being borne by people who cannot afford rising electricity bills. The draft bill hammers this point from several directions.

The bill being readied for introduction would allow CSU to notify the stateโ€™s Air Pollution Control Division by the end of May that it expects to be unable to hit the 2030 goal and why. It would then have until the end of 2026 to come up with a new plan for achieving the goal no later than 2040.

This timeline, said Deal, would โ€œus more time to secure reliable and affordable replacement power for the coal-powered unit at the Nixon power plant currently mandated to retire in 2029.โ€

But why is Colorado Springs alone among Colorado utilities in wanting a legislative extension? Deal was asked that question twice during a press conference on Monday afternoon, once by this correspondent. After all, United Power left Tri-State less than two years ago and has managed to add both renewable generation and a gas-fired power plant. United has robust growth in electrical demand. And, if not as large as Colorado Springs, United has113,000 members โ€” many of them industrial users with healthy electrical appetites.

Deal answered that United has the capacity to get electricity from Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, of which it was formerly a member.

That was not a satisfying answer, although itโ€™s possible that transmission constraints might preclude CSU from buying power from Tri-State as United is now doing.

Might Tri-State or other electrical cooperatives quietly be supporting this move to soften the deadlines for closing coal plants? Big Pivots did reach out to Tri-State to request an interview, but did not get a response on Monday.

As for Xcel, this bill would not apply to it or to Black Hills Energy, Coloradoโ€™s other privately owned electrical utility.

Standing out in this proposal is the bipartisan support, two Republicans and two Democrats. All but one of them are from El Paso County. One of the two Republicans, Sen. Cleave Simpson, of Alamosa, is the Senate minority leader.

Most striking was a statement made by Sen. Marc Snyder, a Democrat from Manitou Springs. He pointed out that in a โ€œlifetime ago,โ€ when he was mayor of Manitou, the city โ€” which is supplied by CSU โ€” was able to achieve 100% renewables. He said it was Coloradoโ€™s first home-rule municipality to do so.

(Aspen, which is also home rule, did so in 2015; when Manitou Springs did it Snyder did not say. In both cases, they presumably did so with the artifice of renewable energy credits.)

Rep. Amy Paschall, also a Democrat, proclaimed her environmental actions. โ€œI recycle, I drive an electric vehicle and I have solar panels on my roof,โ€ she said. She added that she suffers from asthma and has a child who has asthma. As such, she said, attaining ozone reduction โ€œisnโ€™t just an abstract policy discussion. It directly affects our health and our quality of life.โ€

So why is she adding her name to this bill?

โ€œBecause it aims to strike the delicate balance between affordability, reliability and clean energy in Colorado Springs,โ€ she answered. This bill will seek to achieve the โ€œright balance.โ€

State Rep. Jarvis Caldwell, a Republican (and House minority leader), did not disown the need for an energy transition from fuels that produce emissions, but did characterize current goals as unrealistic.

โ€œWhat you are seeing now is a growing gap between intention and reality,โ€ said Caldwell. โ€œOver the last several years, the Legislature has set aggressive energy mandates without fully grappling with what those mandates mean for the people who are expected to pay the bill.โ€

For many households, he said, energy costs are not an abstract policy debate. They are a monthly decision between paying the power bill or cutting back somewhere else.

The energy transition, he said, is โ€œbeing rushedโ€ and called the timelines โ€œunrealistic.โ€ And Caldwell further charged that reliability is treated as an afterthought.

โ€œThe result is higher prices and a more fragile system. That is not responsible governance.โ€

Caldwell said that both he and Paschal had meet with the Democratic majority leadership. โ€œWe didnโ€™t get any commitments necessarily from them, but they heard our concerns and they heard our reasoning, and they were receptive to it,โ€ he said. He also said there had been discussions with Gov. Jared Polis.

Sounds like a compelling argument. Does the rhetoric overlook subtleties?

All or nearly all utilities have or propose to raise their electric rates, and for a complicated stew of reasons. In some cases, they need to reinvest in delivery infrastructure. Itโ€™s not all investment in renewable energy to replace fossil fuel generation. In fact, in most cases, renewables reduce costs to consumers, because the fuel in renewables is free. But yes, rates are rising.

Renewables do need transmission โ€” and more of it. And transmission is difficult and expensive.

Colorado Springs has high-voltage transmission lines for its fossil fuel plants. Deal said the best wind lies in Wyoming and hence CSU would be best served by transmission lines along the Front Range โ€” a challenge, as is witnessed by the problems Xcel Energy is having in getting electricity from El Paso County to Aurora. As always, though, that is a more complicated story than this simple sentence. See โ€œHighways of Electricity,โ€ Big Pivots, Jan. 4, 2026).

And Dealโ€™s answer overlooks the fact that Coloradoโ€™s best wind resources lie in southeastern Colorado.

Big Pivots asked Deal if CSU would be struggling less if it had better transmission. โ€œTransmission may not have alleviated everything on day one, but it would give us a lot more options,โ€ he replied.

He added that joining the Southwest Power Pool, an organization formed to facilitate energy sharing within a region, will provide a โ€œbig toolโ€ for CSU to connect to renewable resources. But again, that will require transmission, although the precise needs remain uncertain.

As for data centers, what part are they of this Colorado Springs story? Is CSU expecting to miss its greenhouse gas reduction deadline because it doesnโ€™t want to miss out on the economic development potential in artificial intelligence centers.

Hard to say, although perhaps tellingly, the video event in Colorado Springs included Johnna Reeder Kleymeyer, from the Colorado Springs Chamber and Economic Development Commission. โ€œThis proposed legislation recognizes one simple truth,โ€ she said. โ€œEconomic growth and sustainability have to work in concert, not in conflict.โ€

A reporter from Colorado Public Radio, however, did ask a decent question: Would CSU consider requiring agreements with large-load users, including data centers, to be on hold until the utility could get closer to the current clean energy goal?

โ€œWe would never want to close the door on any opportunity there, but I think thatโ€™s something that the legislation has to look at, as for us to continue to support growth in our communities, have jobs, and look at those revenue streams come in,โ€ Deal answer.

As for data centers, they do require a lot of electricity without generating a large number of jobs, he added, as compared to another large-level manufacturer. โ€œSo we try not to get into what the (electric) load is as much as what the community benefit is and how we can best serve them.โ€

Colorado Springs, perhaps not incidentally, in December announced that it would become home to a Coca-Cola bottling plant that will require $475 million in capital investment and generate 170 new jobs.

Snyder, the legislator from Manitou Springs, said the bill was being drawn up after consultation with stakeholders. The Sierra Club said it was not among those consulted.

โ€œCSU is the only utility in Colorado to ask for a special exemption from Coloradoโ€™s environmental standards that protect public health and our climate,โ€ said Margaret Kran-Annexstein, director of the Colorado Chapter of the Sierra Club.

Conservation Colorado, in a statement, said CSU should not be rewarded for โ€œbroken promises and poor planning.โ€

โ€œAfter years of failing to plan for replacement resources, Colorado Springs Utilities (CSU) wants to break its promise and remain one of Coloradoโ€™s largest polluters,โ€ said Paul Sherman, the organizationโ€™s climate campaign manager.

Unlike the Sierra Club, Conservation Colorado had participated in discussions with CSU. Sherman said his organization had communicated its concerns. โ€œNone of the substantive concerns we raised were addressed in the draft that CSU and bill sponsors released this afternoon,โ€ Sherman said. โ€œAs currently drafted, Conservation Colorado will be opposing this legislation.โ€

Data Dump: One year into the “energy emergency”: President Trump has helped oil and gas companies, but “drill, baby, drill” remains elusive — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org)

While Donald Trump seems to think he coined terms like โ€œDrill, Baby, Drill,โ€ the fact is, theyโ€™ve been around for a long, long time. This sign appeared at the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver. While Republican candidate John McCain and his VP candidate Sarah Palin were most vocally calling for increased drilling, the Democrats were also getting behind the nascent โ€œfrackingโ€ revolution and touting natural gas as a cleaner bridge fuel from coal to solar and wind. And the so-called shale oil and gas drilling boom took off during the Obama administration. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

January 9, 2026

๐Ÿ›ข๏ธย Hydrocarbon Hoedownย ๐Ÿ“ˆย Data Dump

Donald Trump made a lot of promises on the campaign trail: If elected, he would bring down the cost of groceries (a word that seemed new to him), he would secure the borders, he would end all of the wars on day one, and he would unleash the oil companies so they could โ€œdrill, baby, drillโ€ and secure โ€œenergy dominance.โ€

Groceries are still expensive, โ€œborder securityโ€ is now MAGA-speak for federal agents gunning down innocent bystanders, and not only are the wars still raging, but the administrationโ€™s newly named โ€œDepartment of Warโ€ has bombed Iran, Nigeria, and Venezuela, and is now threatening to invade Greenland and even Mexico. 

In fact, the only war that Trump can take credit for ending was Bidenโ€™s โ€œwarโ€ on energy. And thatโ€™s only because the โ€œwarโ€ didnโ€™t exist in the first place! It was and remains a figment of the GOPโ€™s imagination.


On Biden’s Energy Dominance — Jonathan P. Thompson


Still, the administration did live up to at least one promise: It used a fabricated โ€œenergy emergencyโ€ to help increase extractive corporationsโ€™ profit margins by rolling back environmental protections, handing out drilling permits like candy at a parade, fast-tracking various mine and oil and gas infrastructure permits, and offering oodles of public land to energy companies. 

But has it really achieve the stated goal, to establish โ€œenergy dominanceโ€ โ€” i.e. boost production, bring down prices, and end oil imports? 

Maybe the data will help us figure that one out โ€ฆ 

Leasing

As I think weโ€™ve established, the Biden administration did not wage a war on energy or even oil and gas. In fact, under Biden, the nation became the worldโ€™s largest oil producer, the largest exporter of liquefied natural gas, and so on, while also fast-tracking solar, wind, and transmission projects on federal lands. 

Bidenโ€™s Interior Department did, however, put up some guardrails aimed at protecting some public lands. While it leased out parcels in the Permian Basin without restraint, it also refrained from putting some more sensitive parcels up for auction in more sensitive areas with limited oil and gas production. 

The Trump administration has been far more friendly to oil and gas companies looking to bolster their land-holding portfolios, not only offering up hundreds of thousands of acres, but then putting them up for auction a second time if the first round didnโ€™t attract enough bids.

  • 328,000 acres: Amount of public land and minerals the BLM leased to oil and gas companies between Jan. 20 and Dec. 31, 2025. This brought in about $356 million in revenue.ย 
  • $327 million: Amount a single oil and gas lease sale for 31 parcels, mostly in New Mexicoโ€™s Permian Basin,ย brought in this January, a record per-acre high average bid amount.ย 
  • 0:ย Number of bids received for 23 offeredย oil and gas lease parcels in Coloradoย in January. The sale was a โ€œreplacementโ€ sale held after the initial auction failed to attract enough bids.

Drilling Permits

President Trumpโ€™s BLM issued an average of 909 permits to drill per month during the first year of his second term. This is almost triple the monthly average for Bidenโ€™s administration.

Environmentalists often attacked Biden for issuing more drilling permits for public lands than Trump did during his first administration. The comparison was dumb, but whatever. Trump apparently didnโ€™t like Bidenโ€™s apparent energy dominance, so he struck back by issuing more than 5,000 drilling permits last year, far exceeding the Biden administrationโ€™s monthly and yearly averages.

  • 1,124: Number of drilling permits the BLM issued to EOG Resources in 2025, mostly in the Permian Basin. That compares toย 755ย for XTO Permian and XTO Energy;ย 293ย for Anschutz Exploration;ย 503ย to Devon Energy;ย 338ย to OXY USA;ย 241ย to Matador Production;ย 119ย to Chevron;ย 106ย to Middle Fork Energy Uinta; andย 80ย to ConocoPhillips.ย 
  • 95:ย Number of drilling permits the BLMโ€™s Farmington Field Office issued in 2025, to Hilcorp, Logos, SIMCOE, DJR Operating, and other companies. While this pales in comparison to the Permian Basin, it is a marked increase from recent years.ย 
  • 8: Number of drilling permits the BLMโ€™s Moab Field Office issued in 2025.ย 
  • 100:ย Approximate number of drill rigs operating in all of New Mexico during any given week of 2025.ย 
  • 8,949: Number of approved federal drilling permits held by oil and gas companies that were available to drill as of Jan. 2, 2026. That is to say, they have the permits, but havenโ€™t yet used them.
Production

During the past year, domestic crude oil production continued to increase month-to-month, but at a slower rate than it had previously. Oil production on federal lands was down about 2% from fiscal year 2024. This is mostly due to industryโ€™s lack of enthusiasm for more drilling, thanks to a combination of low oil prices and higher expenses due to inflation and tariffs on steel and other equipment. So much for drill, baby, drill.

Oil production from federal and tribal nation lands was down for fiscal year 2025 as of August. Source: U.S. Department of the Interior.

7.9 million: Barrels of crude oil per day the U.S. was importing from other countries in December 2025. Thatโ€™s marginally less than a year earlier. 

2.1 million barrels/day: Net crude oil imports (imports minus exports) to the U.S. in December 2025. 

Idle Wells
*GSI/OSI: Gas or oil wells oil well that are capable of producing but have not produced during the production month.

I find this to be, perhaps, the most telling chart of all. It shows the number of idle wells on federal mineral leases (which includes public lands and split-estate private lands) by Western state. A lot of the wells have just been wrung dry and have been abandoned and need to be plugged and reclaimed, probably at the taxpayerโ€™s expense. 

Still others, the ones in the GSI (non-producing gas completion) and OSI (non-producing oil completion) columns, are officially capable of producing oil and gas, itโ€™s just that for one reason or another they arenโ€™t producing currently. Dozens of the GSI/OSI wells in Wyoming, for example, are owned by bankrupt companies that were unable to offload them to someone else. 

This brings up a question: If we are indeed in an โ€œenergy emergency,โ€ as the Trump administration has declared, shouldnโ€™t we be pumping all of the oil and gas from existing wells that we possibly can before issuing thousands of new drilling permits, most of which arenโ€™t even being used? 

Let me answer that one: Weโ€™re not in an energy emergency. 

๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ Messing with Maps ๐Ÿงญ

I came across this cool old map of the Sangre de Cristo land grant while perusing the Green Fire Timesโ€™ tribute to Malcolm Ebright, who was a land grant community advocate and historian. In order to get a high-res version I had to, um, copy this from an online auction site (thus the watermarks). I donโ€™t have much to say about it, except itโ€™s a pretty cool map of a very cool area.

The battle over a global energy transition is on between petro-states and electro-states โ€“ hereโ€™s what to watch for inย 2026 — Jennifer Morgan (TheConversation.org)

Solar power has been expanding quickly, but natural gas is also booming. Gerard Julien/AFP via Getty Images

Jennifer Morgan, Tufts University

January 6, 2026

Two years ago, countries around the world set a goal of โ€œtransitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems in a just, orderly and equitable manner.โ€ The plan included tripling renewable energy capacity and doubling energy efficiency gains by 2030 โ€“ important steps for slowing climate change since the energy sector makes up about 75% of the global carbon dioxide emissions that are heating up the planet.

The world is making progress: More than 90% of new power capacity added in 2024 came from renewable energy sources, and 2025 saw similar growth.

However, fossil fuel production is also still expanding. And the United States, the worldโ€™s leading producer of both oil and natural gas, is now aggressively pressuring countries to keep buying and burning fossil fuels.

The energy transition was not meant to be a main topic when world leaders and negotiators met at the 2025 United Nations climate summit, COP30, in November in Belรฉm, Brazil. But it took center stage from the start to the very end, bringing attention to the real-world geopolitical energy debate underway and the stakes at hand.

Brazilian President Luiz Inรกcio Lula da Silva began the conference by calling for the creation of a formal road map, essentially a strategic process in which countries could participate to โ€œovercome dependence on fossil fuels.โ€ It would take the global decision to transition away from fossil fuels from words to action.

President Lula Da Silva gestures with his hands as he speaks in front of a picture of the Amazon.
Brazilian President Luiz Inรกcio Lula da Silva speaks at COP30, where he promoted the idea of a road map to help the world speed up its transition from fossil fuels to clean energy. AP Photo/Andre Penner)

More than 80 countries said they supported the idea, ranging from vulnerable small island nations like Vanuatu that are losing land and lives from sea level rise and more intense storms, to countries like Kenya that see business opportunities in clean energy, to Australia, a large fossil-fuel-producing country.

Opposition, led by the Arab Groupโ€™s oil- and gas-producing countries, kept any mention of a โ€œroad mapโ€ energy transition plan out of the final agreement from the climate conference, but supporters are pushing ahead.

I was in Belรฉm for COP30, and I follow developments closely as former special climate envoy and head of delegation for Germany and senior fellow at the Fletcher School at Tufts University. The fight over whether there should even be a road map shows how much countries that depend on fossil fuels are working to slow down the transition, and how others are positioning themselves to benefit from the growth of renewables. And it is a key area to watch in 2026.

The battle between electro-states and petro-states

Brazilian diplomat and COP30 President Andrรฉ Aranha Corrรชa do Lago has committed to lead an effort in 2026 to create two road maps: one on halting and reversing deforestation and another on transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems in a just, orderly and equitable manner.

What those road maps will look like is still unclear. They are likely to be centered on a process for countries to discuss and debate how to reverse deforestation and phase out fossil fuels.

Over the coming months, Corrรชa plans to convene high-level meetings among global leaders, including fossil fuel producers and consumers, international organizations, industries, workers, scholars and advocacy groups.

For the road map to both be accepted and be useful, the process will need to address the global market issues of supply and demand, as well as equity. For example, in some fossil fuel-producing countries, oil, gas or coal revenues are the main source of income. What can the road ahead look like for those countries that will need to diversify their economies?

A man speaks into a microphone. Behind him, a person holds a sign reading: 'Shell: Own up, clean up, pay up'
Nigeriaโ€™s Bodo community is suing Renaissance Africa Energy Company Limited, an oil consortium that acquired Shellโ€™s Nigerian subsidiary, over two major oil spills in the Niger Delta in 2008. Shell admitted liability and settled with the community in 2014, committing to cleanup efforts. However, the Bodo community has been critical of the quality and transparency of Shellโ€™s cleanup, and is seeking further damages and remediation. Here, activists protest the companyโ€™s actions. Leon Neal/Getty Images

Nigeria is an interesting case study for weighing that question.

Oil exports consistently provide the bulk of Nigeriaโ€™s revenue, accounting for around 80% to over 90% of total government revenue and foreign exchange earnings. At the same time, roughly 39% of Nigeriaโ€™s population has no access to electricity, which is the highest proportion of people without electricity of any nation. And Nigeria possesses abundant renewable energy resources across the country, which are largely untapped: solar, hydro, geothermal and wind, providing new opportunities.

What a road map might look like

In Belรฉm, representatives talked about creating a road map that would be science-based and aligned with the Paris climate agreement, and would include various pathways to achieve a just transition for fossil-fuel-dependent regions.

Some inspiration for helping fossil-fuel-producing countries transition to cleaner energy could come from Brazil and Norway.

In Brazil, Lula asked his ministries to prepare guidelines for developing a road map for gradually reducing Brazilโ€™s dependency on fossil fuels and find a way to financially support the changes.

His decree specifically mentions creating an energy transition fund, which could be supported by government revenues from oil and gas exploration. While Brazil supports moving away from fossil fuels, it is also still a large oil producer and recently approved new exploratory drilling near the mouth of the Amazon River.

Norway, a major oil and gas producer, is establishing a formal transition commission to study and plan its economyโ€™s shift away from fossil fuels, particularly focusing on how the workforce and the natural resources of Norway can be used more effectively to create new and different jobs.

Both countries are just getting started, but their work could help point the way for other countries and inform a global road map process.

The European Union has implemented a series of policies and laws aimed at reducing fossil fuel demand. It has a target for 42.5% of its energy to come from renewable sources by 2030. And its EU Emissions Trading System, which steadily reduces the emissions that companies can emit, will soon be expanded to cover housing and transportation. The Emissions Trading System already includes power generation, energy-intensive industry and civil aviation.

Fossil fuel and renewable energy growth ahead

In the U.S., the Trump administration has made clear through its policymaking and diplomacy that it is pursuing the opposite approach: to keep fossil fuels as the main energy source for decades to come.

The International Energy Agency still expects to see renewable energy grow faster than any other major energy source in all scenarios going forward, as renewable energyโ€™s lower costs make it an attractive option in many countries. Globally, the agency expects investment in renewable energy in 2025 to be twice that of fossil fuels.

At the same time, however, fossil fuel investments are also rising with fast-growing energy demand.

The IEAโ€™s World Energy Outlook described a surge in new funding for liquefied natural gas, or LNG, projects in 2025. It now expects a 50% increase in global LNG supply by 2030, about half of that from the U.S. However, the World Energy Outlook notes that โ€œquestions still linger about where all the new LNG will goโ€ once itโ€™s produced.

What to watch for

The Belรฉm road map dialogue and how it balances countriesโ€™ needs will reflect on the worldโ€™s ability to handle climate change.

Corrรชa plans to report on its progress at the next annual U.N. climate conference, COP31, in late 2026. The conference will be hosted by Turkey, but Australia, which supported the call for a road map, will be leading the negotiations.

With more time to discuss and prepare, COP31 may just bring a transition away from fossil fuels back into the global negotiations.

Jennifer Morgan, Senior Fellow, Center for International Environment and Resource Policy and Climate Policy Lab, Tufts University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Why this #Colorado #coal town is digging #geothermal: #Hayden is tapping renewable thermal energy to affordably heat and cool its new business park โ€” and entice companies looking to reduce energy costs — ย Alison F. Takemura (YaleClimateConnections.org)

Bedrock Energyโ€™s drilling rig digs a 1,000-foot borehole as part of a geothermal network thatโ€™ll keep energy costs low for companies that move into a new Hayden business park. (Alison F. Takemura/Canary Media)

Click the link to read the article on the Yale Climate Connections website (Alison F. Takemura):

January 5, 2026

For decades, Dallas Robinsonโ€™s family excavation company developed coal mines and power plants in the rugged, fossil-fuel-rich region of northwest Colorado. It was a good business to be in, one that helped hamlets like Hayden grow from outposts to bustling mountain towns โ€” and kept families like Robinsonโ€™s rooted in place for generations.

โ€œThis area, with the exception of agriculture, was built on oil and gas and coal,โ€ said Robinson, a former town councilor for Hayden.

But that era is coming to a close. Across the United States, bad economics and even worse environmental impacts are driving coal companies out of business. The 441-megawatt coal-burning power plant just outside Hayden is no exception: Itโ€™s shutting down by the end of 2028. The Twentymile mine that feeds it is expected to follow.

Coal closures can gut communities like Hayden, a town of about 2,000 people. That story has been playing out for decades, particularly in Appalachia, where coal regions with depressed economies have seen populations decline as people strike out for better opportunities elsewhere. Robinson, a friendly, gregarious guy, fears the same could happen in Hayden.

โ€œI grew up here, so I know everyone,โ€ he said. โ€‹โ€œItโ€™s hard to see people lose their jobs and have to move away. โ€ฆ These are families that sweat and bled and been through the good and the bad times in small towns like this.โ€

Struggling American coal towns need an economic rebirth as the fossil-fuel industry fades. Hayden has a vision that, at first, doesnโ€™t sound all that unusual. The town is developing a 58-acre business and industrial park to attract a diverse array of new employers.

The innovative part: companies that move in will get cheap energy bills at a time of surging utility costs. The town is installing tech thatโ€™s still uncommon but gaining traction โ€” a geothermal heating-and-cooling system, which will draw energy from 1,000 feet underground.

In short, Hayden is tapping abundant renewable energy to help invigorate its economy. Thatโ€™s a playbook that could serve other communities looking to rise from the coal dust.

At an all-day event hosted by geothermal drilling startup Bedrock Energy this summer, I saw the ambitious project in progress. Under a blazing sun, a Bedrock drilling rig chewed methodically into the regionโ€™s ochre dirt. Once it finished this borehole โ€” one of about 150 โ€” it would feed in a massive spool of black pipe to transfer heat.

Bedrock will complete the project, providing 2 megawatts of thermal energy, in phases, with roughly half the district done in 2026 and the whole job finished by 2028. Along the way, constructed buildings will be able to connect with portions of the district as theyโ€™re ready.

โ€œWe see it as a long-term bet,โ€ Mathew Mendisco, city manager of Hayden, later told me, describing the town as full of grit and good people. Geothermal energy โ€‹โ€œis literally so sustainable โ€” like, you could generate those megawatts forever. Youโ€™re never going to have to be reliant on the delivery of coal or natural gas. โ€ฆ You drill it on-site, the heat comes out.โ€

Geothermal is also the rare renewable resource that the Trump administration has embraced. In July, Secretary of Energy Chris Wright, whose firm invested in geothermal developer Fervo Energy, helped convince Congress to spare key federal investment tax credits for the sector.

These incentives apply to both the deep projects for producing power as well as the more accessible, shallower installations for keeping buildings comfy. Unlike geothermal projects for power, ones for direct heating and cooling donโ€™t depend on geography; any town can take advantage of the resource.

โ€œWe disagree on the urgency of addressing climate change, [but] this is something that Chris Wright and I agree on,โ€ Colorado Senator John Hickenlooper (D), a trained geologist, told a packed conference-room crowd on the day of the event. โ€‹โ€œGeothermal energy has โ€ฆ unbelievable potential to, at scale, create clean energy.โ€

Charting a post-coal economy

The eventual closure of the Hayden Station coal plant, which has operated for more than half a century, has loomed over the town since Xcel Energy announced an early shutdown in 2021.

The power plant and the mine employ about 240 people. Property taxes from those businesses have historically provided more than half the funding for the townโ€™s fire management and school districts โ€” though that fraction is shrinking thanks to recent efforts to diversify Haydenโ€™s economy, Mendisco said.

Taking into account the other businesses that serve the coal industry and its workers, according to Mendisco, the economic fallout from the closures is projected to be a whopping $319 million per year.

โ€œReally, the highest-paying jobs, the most stable jobs, with the best benefits [and] the best retirement, are in coal and coal-fired power plants,โ€ Robinson said.

But coal has been in decline for over 20 years, largely due to growing investment in cheap fossil gas and renewables. While the Trump administration tries to defibrillate the coal industry and force uneconomic coal plants to stay open past their planned closure dates, states including Colorado still plan to phase out fossil fuels in the coming years. Coloradoโ€™s remaining six coal plants are set to shutter by the end of the decade.

Hayden aims for its business park to help the town weather this transition. With 15 lots to be available for purchase, the development is designed to provide more than 70 jobs and help offset a portion of the tax losses from Hayden Stationโ€™s closure, according to Mendisco.

โ€œWe are not going to sit on our hands and wait for something to come save us,โ€ Mayor Ryan Banks told me at the event.

Companies that move into the business park wonโ€™t have a gas bill. Theyโ€™ll be insulated from fossil-fuel price spikes, like those that occurred in December 2022, when gas prices leapt in the West and customersโ€™ bills skyrocketed by 75% on average from December 2021.

In the Hayden development, businesses will be charged for their energy use by the electric utility and by a geothermal municipal utility that Hayden is forming to oversee the thermal energy network. Rather than forcing customers to pay for the infrastructure upfront, the town will spread out those costs on energy bills over time โ€” like investor-owned utilities do. Unlike a private utility, though, Hayden will take no profit. Mendisco said he expects the geothermal district to cut energy costs by roughly 40%, compared with other heating systems.

Municipally owned geothermal districts are rare in the U.S., but the approach has legs. Pagosa Springs, Colorado, has run its geothermal network since the early 1980s, when it scrambled to combat fuel scarcity during the 1970s oil embargo. New Haven, Connecticut, recently broke ground on a geothermal project for its train station and a new public housing complex. And Ann Arbor, Michigan, has plans to build a geothermal district to help make one neighborhood carbon-neutral.

Haydenโ€™s infrastructure investment is already attracting business owners. An industrial painting company has bought a plot, and so has a regional alcohol distributor, Mendisco said.

One couple is particularly excited to be a part of the townโ€™s clean energy venture. Nate and Steph Yarbrough own DIY off-grid-electrical startup Explorist.Life; renewable power is in the companyโ€™s DNA. The Yarbroughs teach people how to put solar panels and batteries on camper vans, boats, and cabins to fuel their outdoor adventures, and Explorist.Life sells the necessary gear.

โ€œWhen we bought that property, it was largely because of the whole geothermal concept,โ€ Nate Yarbrough told me. โ€‹โ€œWe thought it made a whole bunch of sense with what we do.โ€

Reducing reliance on hydrocarbons, he noted, is โ€‹โ€œa good thing for society overall.โ€

Geothermal tech heats up 

The geothermal network that could transform Haydenโ€™s future is mostly invisible from aboveground. Besides the drilling rig and a trench, the most prominent features I spotted were flexible tubes jutting from the earth like bunny ears.

Those ends of buried U-shaped pipes will eventually connect to a main distribution loop for businesses to hook up to. Throughout the network, pipes will ferry a nontoxic mix of water and glycol โ€” a heat-carrying fluid that electric heat pumps can tap to keep buildings toasty in the winter and chilled in the summer.

As part of Haydenโ€™s geothermal network, a loop of U-shaped pipe will collect constant heat from the earth, no matter how bitter the winter. Its two ends โ€” the only parts visible โ€” will connect to a distribution loop. (Alison F. Takemura/Canary Media)

Despite their superior efficiency, these heat pumps are far less common than the kind that pull from the ambient air, largely due to project cost. Because you have to drill to install a ground-source heat pump, the systems are typically about twice as expensive as air-source heat pumps.

But the underground infrastructure lasts 50 years or more, and the systems pay for themselves in fuel-cost savings more quickly in places that endure frostier temperatures, including Rocky Mountain municipalities like Hayden. Those long-term cost benefits were too attractive to ignore, Mendisco said.

Haydenโ€™s project โ€‹โ€œis 100% replicable today,โ€ Mendisco told attendees at the event, which included leaders of other mountain towns. Geothermal tech is ready; the money is out there, he added: โ€‹โ€œYou can do this.โ€

Colorado certainly believes that โ€” and itโ€™s giving first-mover communities a boost.

In October, the state energy office announced $7.3 million in merit-based tax-credit awards for four geothermal projects. Vail is getting nearly $1.8 million for a network, into which the ice arena can dump heat and the library can soak it up. Colorado Springs will use its $5 million award to keep a downtown high school comfortable year-round. Steamboat Springs and a Denver neighborhood will share the rest of the funding.

At least one other northwest Colorado coal community is also getting on board with geothermal. In the prior round of state awards, the energy office granted $58,000 to the town of Craigโ€™s Memorial Regional Health to explore a project for its medical campus.

With dozens of communities warming to the notion, โ€‹โ€œitโ€™s an exciting time for geothermal in Colorado,โ€ said Bryce Carter, geothermal program manager at the state energy office.

So far, the state has pumped $30.5 million into geothermal developments โ€” with over $27 million going toward heating-and-cooling projects specifically โ€” through its grant and tax-credit programs. The larger tax-credit incentive still has about $13.8 million left in its coffers.

Hayden, for its part, is also taking advantage of the federal tax credits to save up to 50% on the cost of its geothermal district. That includes a 10% bonus credit that the community qualifies for because of its coal legacy. After also accounting for a bonanza of state incentives, the $14-million project will only be $2.2 million, Mendisco said.

Tech innovation could further improve geothermalโ€™s prospects, even in areas with less generous inducements than Coloradoโ€™s. Bedrock Energy, for one, aims to drive down costs by using advanced sensing technology that allows it to see the subsurface and make computationally guided decisions while drilling.

โ€œIn Hayden, we have gone from about 25 hours for a 1,000-foot bore to about nine hours for a 1,000-foot bore โ€” in just the last couple of months,โ€ Joselyn Lai, Bedrockโ€™s co-founder and CEO, told me at the event. Overall, the firmโ€™s subsurface construction costs from the first quarter of 2025 to the second quarter fell by about 16%, she noted.

When drilling, Bedrock Energy harnesses a constant stream of data to navigate underground obstacles from boulders to fractures. (Alison F. Takemura/Canary Media)

Hayden is likely just at the start of its geothermal journey. If all goes well with the business park, the town aims to retrofit its municipal buildings with these systems to comply with the stateโ€™s climate-pollution limits on big buildings, Mendisco said. Haydenโ€™s community center could be the first to get a geothermal makeover starting in 2027, he added.

Robinson, despite coalโ€™s salience in the region and his familyโ€™s legacy in its extraction, believes in Haydenโ€™s vision: Geothermal could be a winner in a post-coal economy. In fact, heโ€™s interested in investing in the geothermal industry and installing a system in a new house heโ€™s building, he said.

โ€œIโ€™ve lived a lot of my life making a living by exploiting natural resources. I understand the value of that โ€” as well as lessening our impact and being able to find new and better,โ€ Robinson said. โ€‹โ€œThis is the next step, right?โ€

This article was originally published by Canary Media and is republished here as part of Covering Climate Now, a global effort to boost coverage of climate change.

Yampa River Basin via Wikimedia.

The Platte River Power Authority waits to learn cost of keeping Craig 1 #coal plant open amid order — The #FortCollins Coloradoan #climate

The coal-fired Tri-State Generation and Transmission plant in Craig provides much of the power used in Western Colorado, including in Aspen and Pitkin County. Will Toor, executive director of the Colorado Energy Office has a plan to move the stateโ€™s electric grid to 100 percent renewable energy by 2040. Photo credit: Brent Gardner-Smith/Aspen Journalism

Click the link to read the article on the Fort Collins Coloradoan website (Rebecca Powell). Here’s an excerpt:

January 6, 2025

Platte River Power Authority’s general manager says he disagrees with a federal order requiring one of the coal plants it owns a stake in to remain open past its scheduled retirement and is waiting to learn what it might cost Fort Collins’ wholesale electricity provider…PRPA is a joint owner of the plant with PacifiCorp, Xcel Energy, Salt River Project and Tri-State Generation and Transmission, which operates the facility. PRPA owns 18% of the Craig 1 and 2 coal units…

The Department of Energy’s emergency order contends there is a shortage of electric energy and facilities in the Western Electricity Coordinating Council Northwest assessment area, which includes Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. The order, signed by Secretary of Energy Chris Wright, states that peak demand in the area is expected to grow 8.5% in the next decade, while many coal plants in the region have been retired, with more retirements planned…Wright cites supply chain issues with building battery storage systems to help replace the energy from those retirements. The emergency order also cited two executive orders from President Donald Trump. One declared a national energy emergency due to “insufficient energy production, transportation, refining, and generation.” The other declares the United States is experiencing an unprecedented surge in electricity demand driven by rapid technological advancements, like the expansion of AI data centers and domestic manufacturing…

But PRPA General Manager and CEO Jason Frisbie says PRPA does not need the Craig 1 unit because it has already replaced the energy that came from it.

โ€œWe have planned for the retirement of Craig Unit 1 for nearly a decade and have proactively replaced the capacity and energy from new sources,” Frisbie said in a statement provided to the Coloradoan.

President Trumpโ€™s โ€™emergencyโ€™ #Colorado #coal plant order will raise electricity costs, operator says — Chase Woodruff (ColoradoNewsline.com)

Chris Wright has argued that energy scarcity poses a greater threat to quality of life than climate change. Here, he speaks to reporters in April 2025 while Martin Keller, then the director of NREL, looks on. Photo/Allen Best. Top image/National Laboratory of the Rockies.

Click the link to read the article on the Colorado Newsline website (Chase Woodruff):

January 2, 2026

Following the Trump administrationโ€™s last-minute invocation of an energy โ€œemergencyโ€ to order a Colorado coal plant to postpone its scheduled retirement, the electricity provider that co-owns the plant is warning that the high costs of continuing to operate it will be shouldered by Colorado utility customers.

Located in Moffat County, Craig Generating Stationโ€™s 446-megawatt Unit 1 had been scheduled to go offline on Dec. 31, 2025, part of a wave of coal retirements planned across Colorado through 2030. But an emergency order issued Dec. 30 by the Department of Energy requires the plant to โ€œtake all measures necessary to ensure that Craig Unit 1 is available to operateโ€ until at least March 30, 2026.

Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, co-owner of Craig Generating Station, said in a press release that the โ€œadditional investments in operations, repairs, maintenance and, potentially, fuel supplyโ€ required by the order will raise costs for the plantโ€™s customers, which include dozens of electric utilities and rural co-ops. Unit 1 was already offline due to a mechanical failure on Dec. 19, Tri-State said.

โ€œWe are continuing to review the order to determine what this means for Craig Station employees and operations, and the financial impacts,โ€ said Tri-State CEO Duane Highley. โ€œAs a not-for-profit cooperative, our membership will bear the costs of compliance with this order unless we can identify a method to share costs with those in the region. There is not a clear path for doing so, but we will continue to evaluate our options.โ€

The five-page DOE order, signed by Energy Secretary Chris Wright, cites โ€œgrowing resource adequacy concernsโ€ as justification for the move, which followed similar actions in Indiana and Washington.

Shortly after taking office last year, President Donald Trump declared a โ€œnational energy emergencyโ€ in an executive order blasted by environmental advocates as a pretext for advancing the interests of fossil-fuel companies. Despite the declarationโ€™s stated concerns about โ€œinsufficient energy production,โ€ the administration has continued to cancel and delay major wind and solar projects.

An analysis released in December by the Sierra Club estimated that keeping Craigโ€™s Unit 1 open for 90 days would cost ratepayers at least $20 million. Critics of the administration anticipate that the DOEโ€™s orders will continue to be renewed every 90 days under the authority granted to the department by Federal Power Act, raising costs by $85 million to $150 million annually.

โ€œKeeping this dirty and outdated coal plant online will harm the health of surrounding communities and hurt all of our pocketbooks,โ€ said Michael Hiatt of environmental group Earthjustice. โ€œThis unlawful order will benefit no one but the struggling coal industry.โ€

The DOE order comes amid a series of Trump administration actions targeting Colorado that are widely viewed as retaliation for the ongoing incarceration of Trump ally and former Mesa County Clerk Tina Peters, who was convicted on felony charges for her role in a breach of her own officeโ€™s secure election equipment in 2021.

Colorado U.S. Sen. Michael Bennet voted to confirm Wright, a former Denver oil executive, as Trumpโ€™s pick for Energy Secretary in January 2025, calling Wright โ€œpassionate about strengthening Americaโ€™s energy independence and lowering costs for Colorado families.โ€ In a statement Wednesday, Bennet, a Democrat who is running for Colorado governor, said he was โ€œdisappointed but not surprised by this continued revenge tour.โ€

โ€œThe DOE order is the latest in a string of attacks against Colorado, because we refuse to bend to the President,โ€ Bennet said. โ€œPresident Trump continues to take out his personal and political grievances on Coloradans who are already struggling to make ends meet.โ€

The three units of Craig Station were constructed from 1974 to 1984. Photo credit: Allen Best/Big Pivots

Oh, the irony of Craig No. 1! — Allen Best (BigPivots.com) #coal

Craig Station. Photo credit: Allen Best/Big Pivots

Click the link to read the article on the Big Pivots website (Allen Best):

December 31, 2025

Trump orders Craig coal unit planned for retirement to stay open. But it so happens the unit is broken. Ludicrous says Polis team. Sierra Club challenges basis for emergency declaration.

It was no surprise. Tri-State Generation and Transmission has said for at least three months that it expected to get orders from the Trump administration to continue operating a coal-burning unit at Craig, in northwest Colorado, beyond its scheduled retirement on Dec. 31, 2025.

The order was posted at 6 p.m. MST Tuesday. Citing emergency authority claimed by President Donald Trump, Energy Secretary Chris Wright ordered the coal unit to remain in operation through March 2026. The order cited a sudden increase in demand for electricity, or a shortage of generation capacity.

The irony of the order is that it was issued when the 427-megawatt unit was out of operation, according to a statement issued by the office of Colorado Gov. Jared Polis.

โ€œLudicrously, the coal plant isnโ€™t even operational right now, meaning repairs โ€” to the tune of millions of dollars โ€” just to get it running, all on the backs of rural Colorado ratepayers!โ€ Polis said.

โ€œGoing backwards is an attempt to force local communities to foot the bill to extend plant operations and will cost energy consumers more. Todayโ€™s action flies in the face of this careful planning, is inconsistent with market forces, and will hurt Coloradans.โ€

The Polis team estimated continued operations would cost tens of millions of dollars โ€œto keep a coal plant open that is broken and not needed.โ€

Tri-State, in a statement on Wednesday morning, explained that the unit โ€œwent into an outageโ€ on Dec. 19, 2025, due to a mechanical failure of a valve. โ€œTri-State and the other co-owners will need to take the necessary steps to repair the valve in a timely manner,โ€ the statement said.

โ€œTri-State has a policy of 100% compliance, and we will work with Unit 1 co-owners, and federal and state governments to determine the most cost-effective path to that end,โ€ said Duane Highley, Tri-State CEO. โ€œWe are continuing to review the order to determine what this means for Craig Station employees and operations, and the financial impacts. As a not-for-profit cooperative, our membership will bear the costs of compliance with this order unless we can identify a method to share costs with those in the region. There is not a clear path for doing so, but we will continue to evaluate our options.โ€

As a result of the order, retaining Unit 1 will likely require additional investments in operations, repairs, maintenance and, potentially, fuel supply, all factors increasing costs, Tri-State said. โ€œTri-State is continuing to review the order to determine how best to comply while limiting the costs to its members, and the impacts to its employees and operations.โ€

Highley told Big Pivots in October that the wholesale supplier for cooperatives in Colorado and three other states did not need the electrical production at this time, as it is actually producing more than it needs.

Wright, in his order, No. 202-25-14, cited several justifications.

One justification was a 2024 report by the Western Electricity Coordinating Council that forecast growth of 8.5% in peak demand during the next decade in Colorado and several adjoining states.

The order also said that Tri-State and its co-owners โ€” Fort Collins-based Platte River Power Authority, Phoenix-based Salt River Project, Salt Lake City-based PacifiCorp., and Denver-based Xcel Energy โ€” โ€œtake all measures necessaryโ€ to ensure that Craig Unit 1 is available to operate at the direction of either Western Area Power Administration in its role as a balancing authority or the Southwest Power Pool West in its role as the reliability coordinator.

The Sierra Club emphasized the cost of operating Craig No. 1. It cited a recent report by Grid Strategies that found operating the unit past the retirement deadline will cost the plant owners $85 million per year. This is distinct from repairs that may be necessary.

โ€œTrump is playing politics with coal,โ€ said Margaret Kran-Annexstein, director of the Colorado chapter, in a statement issued shortly after the order was posted.

Matthew Gerhart, the senior attorney for the Sierra Club at its Denver office, had even stronger language in an interview with Big Pivots.

โ€œI think this order is a joke even by this administrationโ€™s standards,โ€ he said. โ€œThis is quite clearly just a political move. None of the documents they cite even come close to saying there is an emergency.โ€

Wrightโ€™s order cited the 2025-2026 Winter Reliability Assessment issued by the North America Electric Reliability Corporation. That report in November noted total and net internal demand increases of almost 1% driven primarily by data centers and commercial and industrial customer growth. Even so, the operating reserve margins in the Rocky Mountain were expected to be met before imports in all winter scenarios.

That being said, Xcel Energy almost a year ago began expressing concerns about resource adequacy.

Gerhart also found fault with Wrightโ€™s order that the unit be available to operate at the direction of the Southwest Power Pool West in its role as the reliability coordinator. SPP exists, but not the configuration โ€” a regional transmission organization โ€” that would allow SPP to do this, he said. SPP has a day-ahead market and also a balancing market but not the apparatus set up to manage the operation of Craig No. 1, he said.

Will Toor, director of the Colorado Energy Office, also pointed to the report from the North America Reliability Corporation that found no short-term or long-term elevated reliability risks in the Rocky Mountain region,

โ€œThese orders will take money out of the pockets of Colorado ratepayers, and especially harm rural communities across the West who could be forced to absorb the unnecessary excess costs required to keep this plant operational,โ€ he said. โ€œThe Trump administration is engaging in Soviet-style central planning, driven by ideology rather than the realities of the electric grid, that will drive dirtier air and higher electric rates across our state. These orders are unlawful and will not improve energy security in Colorado or the region.โ€

Trump has claimed authority to order coal plants remain in operation under the Federal Power Act. That nearly century-old law explicitly gives presidents authority to order electrical plants to operate under duress of war or weather emergencies. Since last April, Trump has sought to expand the power, citing emergencies caused by concerns about resource adequacy. The concerns, he has said, result from retiring fossil fuel and nuclear plants, dramatic growth in demand, and the intermittency of renewables.


For a deeper dive on Trumpโ€™s contested use of the emergency clause in the Federal Power Act, see this Big Pivots story from Nov. 3: โ€œWill feds order Colorado coal plants to stay open?โ€


U.S. Sen. Michael Bennet, a gubernatorial candidate, also pushed back: โ€œThe DOE order is the latest in a string of attacks against Colorado, because we refuse to bend to the President. President Trump continues to take out his personal and political grievances on Coloradans who are already struggling to make ends meet. Federal intervention like this makes long-term planning impossible โ€“ this is not how you operate a business, plan an electric grid, or help a community stay prosperous. I am disappointed but not surprised by this continued revenge tour.โ€

Wrightโ€™s order said that 417.3 megawatts of coal-fired generating capacity across six units at three locations have retired in Colorado since 2019. It cited the Western Electricity Coordinating Council. โ€œLooking forward, by 2029, about 3,700 megawatts of coal-fired generating capacity in Colorado is scheduled to be retired.โ€ The order said that during that time, 675.6 megawatts of natural gas-fired generating capacity in Colorado will retire as well.

Wind turbines near Pawnee Buttes in northeastern Colorado. Photo/Allen Best

In 2025, wind accounted for over 5,300 megawatts of Coloradoโ€™s electricity generating capacity, the order noted.

Wrightโ€™s order described wind as intermittent. Of course, coal can be intermittent, too. That has been demonstrated repeatedly at Pueblo, particularly in the case of Comanche 3. The coal unit went down again in August and is not expected to be restored into operation until June 2026. In its absence, Xcel asked โ€” and the Polis administration agreed โ€” that Comanche 2 would not be retired this month, as had been planned for several years.

As for Craig No. 1, its retirement was planned in an agreement reached almost a decade ago. Air quality standards in Rocky Mountain National Park and other national parks and wilderness areas are being violated in part because of emissions from the unit. The regional haze standards were federally created and state enforced. The agreement with the Colordo Air Quality Control Commission was reached in 2016.

Tri-Stateโ€™s electric resource plan of 2023 showed adequate resources to maintain reliability on Tri-Stateโ€™s system following the retirement of Craig No. 1 as well as two other units at Craig Station that are scheduled to close in 2028. Unit 2, which Tri-State owns with its other partners in Unit 1, has a capacity of 410 megawatts. Tri-State owns 100% of Unit 3, which has a capacity of 448 megawatts. The three units were constructed and went on line in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

The Trump administration first cited the Federal Power Act earlier this year this year for plants in Michigan and in Pennsylvania and has recently used that same emergency power to order continued operation of fossil fuel plants in Indiana and Washington.

Even with President Trumpโ€™s support, #coal power remains expensive โ€“ andย dangerous — Hannah Wiseman and Seth Blumsack (TheConversation.com)

President Donald Trump has aligned himself with the coal industry, including at this meeting in April 2025. Andrew Thomas/Middle East Images/AFP via Getty Images

Hannah Wiseman, Penn State and Seth Blumsack, Penn State

As projections of U.S. electricity demand rise sharply, President Donald Trump is looking to coal โ€“ historically a dominant force in the U.S. energy economy โ€“ as a key part of the solution.

In an April 2025 executive order, for instance, Trump used emergency powers to direct the Department of Energy to order the owners of coal-fired power plants that were slated to be shut down to keep the plants running.

He also directed federal agencies to โ€œidentify coal resources on Federal landsโ€ and ease the process for leasing and mining coal on those lands. In addition, he issued orders to exclude coal-related projects from environmental reviews, promote coal exports and potentially subsidize the production of coal as a national security resource.

But there remain limits to the presidentโ€™s power to slow the declining use of coal in the U.S. And while efforts continue to overcome these limits and prop up coal, mining coal remains an ongoing danger to workers: In 2025, there have been five coal-mining deaths in West Virginia and at least two others elsewhere in the U.S.

A large industrial area with towers, a rail line and large buildings with large metal connections.
A coal-fired power plant in Michigan has remained open at Trump administration orders. Jim West/UCG/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

A long legacy

Until 2015, coal-fired power plants generated more electricity than any other type of fuel in the U.S. But with the rapid expansion of a new type of hydraulic fracturing, natural gas became a cheap and stable source for power generation. The prices of solar and wind power also dropped steadily. These alternatives ultimately overcame coal in the U.S. power supply.

Before this change, coal mining defined the economy and culture of many U.S. towns โ€“ and some states and regions, such as Wyoming and Appalachia โ€“ for decades. And in many small towns, coal-related businesses, including power plants, were key employers.

Coal has both benefits and drawbacks. It provides a reliable fuel source for electricity that can be piled up on-site at power plants without needing a tank or underground facility for storage.

But itโ€™s dirty: Thousands of coal miners developed a disease called black lung. The federal government pays for medical care for some sick miners and makes monthly payments to family members of miners who die prematurely. Burning coal also emits multiple air pollutants, prematurely killing half a million people in the United States from 1999 through 2020.

Coal is dangerous for workers, too. Some coal-mining companies have had abysmal safety records, leading to miner deaths, such as the recent drowning of a miner in a sudden flood in a West Virginia mine. Safety reforms have been implemented since the Big Branch Mine explosion in 2010, and coal miner deaths in the U.S. have since declined. But coal mining remains a hazardous job.

A stone plaque with names carved on it, between two statues of coal miners.
A memorial honors coal miners who died on the job in Harlan County, Ky. Jim West/UCG/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

A champion of coal

In both of his terms, Trump has championed the revival of coal. In 2017, for example, Trumpโ€™s Department of Energy asked the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to pay coal and nuclear plants higher rates than the competitive market would pay, saying they were key to keeping the U.S. electricity grid running. The commission declined.

In his second term, Trump is more broadly using powers granted to the president in emergencies, and he is seeking to subsidize coal across the board โ€“ in mining, power plants and exports.

At least some of the urgency is coming from the rapid construction of data centers for artificial intelligence, which the Trump administration champions. Many individual data centers use as much power as a small or medium city. Thereโ€™s enough generation capacity to power them, though only by activating power plants that are idle most of the time and that operate only during peak demand periods. Using those plants would require data centers to reduce their electricity use during those peaks โ€“ which itโ€™s not clear they would agree to do.

So many data centers, desperate for 24/7 electricity, are relying on old coal-fired power plants โ€“ buying electricity from plants that otherwise would be shutting down.

A long train of cargo cars carrying a black substance stretches to the horizon.
The sun rises on a coal train outside Ritzville, Wash. Visions of America/Joseph Sohm/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

Limits remain

Despite the Trump adminstrationโ€™s efforts to rapidly expand data centers and coal to power them, coal is more expensive than most other fuels for power generation, with costs still rising.

Half of U.S. coal mines have closed within the past two decades, and productivity at the remaining mines is declining due to a variety of factors, such as rising mining costs, environmental regulation and competition from cheaper sources. Coal exports have also seen declines in the midst of the tariff wars.

The U.S. Department of the Interiorโ€™s recent effort to follow Trumpโ€™s orders and lease more coal on federal lands received only one bid โ€“ at a historically low price of less than a penny per ton. But in fact, even if the government gave its coal away for free, it would still make more economic sense for utilities to build power plants that use other fuels. This is due to the high cost of running old coal plants as compared to new natural gas and renewable infrastructure.

Natural gas is cheaper โ€“ and, in some places, so are renewable energy and battery storage. Government efforts to prevent the retirement of coal-fired power plants and boost the demand for coal may slow coalโ€™s decline in the short term. In the long term, however, coal faces a very uncertain future as a part of the U.S. electricity mix.

Hannah Wiseman, Professor of Law, Penn State and Seth Blumsack, Professor of Energy and Environmental Economics and International Affairs, Penn State

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Bureau of Land Management nominee draws criticism from #conservation groups over support for selling public land — Micah Drew (UtahNewsDispatch.com)

Signage welcomes visitors to Bureau of Land Management land near Cedar City on Sunday, Feb. 2, 2025. (Photo by Spenser Heaps for Utah News Dispatch)

Click the link to read the article on the Utah News Dispatch website (Micah Drew):

December 4, 2025

Republicans are rallying around former New Mexico Rep. Steve Pearce, Trumpโ€™s nominee to oversee the land management agency

Conservation groups in Montana and across the West are raising concerns about Steve Pearce, a former New Mexico representative who is President Donald Trumpโ€™s newest nominee to lead the Bureau of Land Management. 

The nomination has reignited a fight over the management of public lands which was highlighted during negotiations over Trumpโ€™s โ€œOne Big Beautiful Billโ€ due to proposed amendments to sell off federal land. The fight also spawned two new bipartisan caucuses in Congress, both co-chaired by Montanans, and predicated on public land access and management. 

In Montana and the two Dakotas, the BLM manages more than 8.3 million acres of federal land. Nationwide, the BLM oversees 245 million acres of federal land, along with 700 million acres of subsurface rights for extraction and energy development, putting the position directly in the crosshairs of energy developers and outdoor industry groups. 

According to the Center for Western Priorities, Pearce amassed a โ€œlengthy anti-public lands record,โ€ sponsoring bills to shrink national monuments and increase extraction on national forest land. 

Many conservation groups are specifically honing in on Pearceโ€™s long record of advocating to sell off federal lands, including sponsoring legislation in Congress to authorize land sales or exchanges with local governments. 

In a letter to then-House Speaker John Boehner in 2012, Pearce wrote that of the federal lands located in the West, โ€œmost of it we do not even need.โ€

He proposed using land sales to reduce the deficit, similar to rhetoric heard earlier when Interior Secretary Doug Burgum equated federal lands to the nationโ€™s โ€œbalance sheet.โ€

โ€œWe cannot afford to hand the keys to 245 million acres of our public lands over to someone who has spent his career trying to auction them off to the highest bidder,โ€ Aubrey Bertram, staff attorney and federal policy director at Wild Montana, said. โ€œSteve Pearceโ€™s record is crystal clear: he believes public lands should be privatized for billionairesโ€™ benefit, not protected for the peopleโ€™s.โ€

But Pearceโ€™s nomination has been greeted with enthusiasm by mining and energy companies that operate on federal land, as well as by many Republican officials, including Montana Sen. Steve Daines.

โ€œI knew Steve in the House days, and Steve is a great pick. And I particularly like the fact that itโ€™s a Westerner,โ€ Daines said in an interview. โ€œI think itโ€™s helpful when we have leaders in those important positions that come from the West, when they understand uniquely the challenges we face as it relates to federal land, state land, private land. And Steve Pearce has lived it and breathed it.โ€

Daines is a member of the newly formed Senate Stewardship Caucus, which is co-chaired by Montana Sen. Tim Sheehy. 

The two Montanans also bucked their party earlier this year by joining Senate Democrats in a resolution that would have prevented the use of public land sales to reduce the deficit. 

Representatives for Daines and Sheehy did not respond to questions about Pearceโ€™s nomination. 

Sheehy has not publicly stated whether he will support Pearce. 

But Montanaโ€™s federal delegation has been supportive of increasing coal and energy extraction in the state. 

In eastern Montana, Congress recently voted to overturn a Biden-era restriction on resource extraction on federal land, reopening nearly 1.7 million acres to future coal leasing.  

All members of the stateโ€™s delegation supported the move calling it vital to the stateโ€™s economy and the nationโ€™s energy security.

Pearce has roots in the oil and gas industry that stretch beyond his political work. 

In the 1980s, Pearce founded an oilfield services company in New Mexico, which he later sold when he won his first election. 

Starting in 2003, he represented New Mexico in Congress for seven terms.

He lost races for the U.S. Senate in 2008 and governor in 2018. 

While conservation and public land advocates have pushed back against Pearceโ€™s nomination, industry groups have applauded Trumpโ€™s pick. 

The National Cattlemanโ€™s Beef Association said Pearceโ€™s experience makes him โ€œthoroughly qualified to lead the BLM and tackle the issues federal lands ranchers are facing.โ€

The Western Energy Alliance, comprising oil and gas companies across nine western states, also put out a statement of support for Pearce. 

โ€œAs a westerner coming from a state thatโ€™s nearly 20 percent BLM land, he understands the bureauโ€™s mission. As a former congressman and chair of the Congressional Western Caucus, his record shows heโ€™s been a champion of multiple-uses of public lands. Steve has been a longtime friend who understands the value of energy development among other uses,โ€ the Alliance said. 

This story was originally produced by Daily Montanan, which is part of States Newsroom, a nonprofit news network which includes Utah News Dispatch, and is supported by grants and a coalition of donors as a 501c(3) public charity.

This map shows land owned by different federal government agencies. By National Atlas of the United States – http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/fedlands.html, “All Federal and Indian Lands”, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=32180954

Might good come from the NREL name change?: Maybe, but also plentiful skepticism about scrubbing of โ€˜renewable energyโ€™ from name of laboratory by President Trumpโ€™s teamย  — Allen Best (BigPivots.com)

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Click the link to read the article on the Big Pivots website (Allen Best):

December 2, 2025

Changing a name is simple enough, if somewhat expensive and time-consuming, at least in the case of businesses.

But what to make of the National Renewable Energy Laboratoryโ€™s new name? Is the change all bad for the laboratory and for its mission of the last 34 years?

It became National Laboratory of the Rockies as of Monday. It had been known as NREL since 1991 and before that had been the Solar Energy Research Institute since its founding in 1977 during the presidency of Jimmy Carter.

The laboratory has become one of the nationโ€™s โ€” and perhaps the worldโ€™s โ€” seminal institutions devoted to engineering an energy transition. As of October, it had 3,717 employees after a reduction of 114 during May.

โ€œClearly an effort is underway (by President Donald Trump)โ€š to downplay renewable energy as a premier, viable energy source in the United States. So it is hard to separate the politics from this given the timing,โ€ said David Renee, who worked at the laboratory from 1991 until his recent retirement.

Renee said that in part he was very disappointed to see the words โ€œrenewable energyโ€ deleted from the name but does see the new name allowing the institution to broaden its mission to reflect needs of the ever-more-complex electrical grid.

โ€œI can see some good, long-term benefits from this. It gives the laboratory flexibility to have a broader scope,โ€ he said. โ€œA lot of the work is not exclusively related to renewable energy but more related to grid reliability and expansion, of which renewables play an important part. So one could argue that the name change was overdue anyway in order to be consistent with other national laboratories, which are mostly named for their locations and not the technology.โ€

The United States has 17 national laboratories engaged in energy and other research, and most are named for their local geographies. New Mexico, for example, has the Sandia and Los Alamos labs, the former named for a mountain range and the latter a town. Renee arrived in Golden from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and retired after running the solar resource assessment program.

Ron Larson, one of the earliest employees of the solar institute who arrived in 1977, a time when solar was 100 times more expensive than it is now, also tends toward a charitable view of the name change.

A possible reason, and a valid one, he said, could be that other national labs wanted more to do on renewable energy topics and are qualified to do so. โ€œToo, maybe some at NREL have wanted to expand into other sectors, including fossil fuels and nuclear.โ€


See: โ€œJimmy Carterโ€™s overlooked Colorado nexusโ€ Big Pivots, Jan. 2, 2025.


Peter Lilienthal, an NREL employee from 1990 to 2007, when he formed an energy-related business, was less charitable. He was incensed by a statement from Audrey Robertson, the assistant secretary of energy, in Mondayโ€™s announcement.

โ€œThe energy crisis we face today is unlike the crisis that gave rise to NREL,โ€ Robertson said. โ€œWe are no longer picking and choosing energy sources. Our highest priority is to invest in the scientific capabilities that will restore American manufacturing, drive down costs, and help this country meet its soaring energy demand. The National Lab of the Rockies will play a vital role in those efforts.โ€

Lilienthal called that statement gaslighting. โ€œThat is just not true,โ€ he said of Robertsonโ€™s assertion about no longer picking energy sources. He points to the promises of President Donald Trump on the campaign trail and elsewhere to restore fossil fuels and discourage renewable energy. This, he said, will slow the energy transition away from fossil fuels, he believes.

Jud Virden, the director of the renamed laboratory since October, said the new name โ€œembraces a broader applied energy mission entrusted to us by the Department of Energy to deliver a more affordable and secure energy future for all.โ€

That statement clearly fits in with the narrative of Chris Wright, the Colorado-born director of the Department of Energy. A graduate of Cherry Creek High School, in south Denver, Wright was a rock climber and skier before going to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to study engineering, first mechanical and then electrical. He also later studied at the University of California at Berkeley.

In April, Wright returned to Colorado to tour NREL. Afterward, he met with reporters, where he said that he had worked on solar energy during graduate school and then geothermal. Only later, needing a paycheck, did he begin work in the oil and gas industry. In Denver, he founded Liberty, an oil and gas field services company, in 2011.

In his remarks, Wright did not dismiss renewable energy, but he did โ€” as he had done before โ€” dismiss โ€œclimate alarmism.โ€ He said the science does not support the perception of risk that has, in part, driven the work to make renewable energy affordable and integrated into the electrical grid.

Wright sees the need for more energy being paramount and climate change worries a hindrance to archiving that plentitude that will result in higher standards of living.

โ€œThe biggest barrier to energy development the last few decades is people, for political reasons, calling climate change a crisis,โ€ he claimed.

He went on to cite 3 million people dying every year because they donโ€™t have clean cooking fuels or the 4 or 5 million people dying because they donโ€™t have sufficient food as well as the disconnect notices to American consumers for non-payment.

โ€œIf you call climate change a crisis and you donโ€™t look at any data, you can pass laws to do anything.

Chris Wright has argued that energy scarcity poses a greater threat to quality of life than climate change. Here, he speaks to reporters in April 2025 while Martin Keller, then the director of NREL, looks on. Photo/Allen Best. Top image/National Laboratory of the Rockies.

In an essay published in The Economist in July, Wright said much the same thing.


See: โ€œClimate change is a product of progress, not an existential crisis.โ€


Wright also talked about the need to deliver plentiful energy and lowering energy prices. He talked about the drive to integrate artificial intelligence data centers into the U.S. economy.

โ€œArtificial Intelligence is critical. This is a phenomenal new technology. People are seeing the great consumer services it provides, the business efficiencies it provides, and we are very early on.โ€

And again, he talked about the need to expand electrical production as necessary to support artificial intelligence. Even without strong demand for data centers, he said, electricity prices have been rising.

โ€œWeโ€™ve seen 20 to 25% rise in the price of electricity over the last four years. Americans are mad and angry and upset about that, which is why theyโ€™re all worried about AI โ€” โ€˜No, we donโ€™t want new demand on our grid thatโ€™s just going to make our prices more expensive.โ€™ โ€” We need to show them we can walk and chew gum at the same time. Weโ€™ve got to grow our electricity production capacity without raising the prices to consumers, and weโ€™ve got to keep our grid stable, not just the complicated system stable, but the increasing cyber threats of people that want to do us harm on our grid.โ€

Chuck Kutscher took a broad view of the change. A mechanical engineer by training, he began working at NREL in the 1980s before retiring in 2018.

โ€œNREL is widely viewed as the leading renewable energy laboratory in the world. In the U.S. and throughout the world, solar and wind dominate the new electricity generation being deployed because they are now the lowest in cost and are also the fastest to deploy, in addition to avoiding air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. China is clearly the world leader in renewable energy development and deployment, but NREL has played a critical role in keeping the U.S. competitive,โ€ he said in a statement.

โ€œAs a Department of Energy lab, NREL takes direction from DOE. The current administration made it clear in the last election that it would support fossil fuels. DOE does have a lab that focuses primarily on fossil fuels, the National Energy Technology Lab, so continuing to have a lab that performs R&D on renewables makes perfect sense, especially given the transition to renewable energy happening around the world. Iโ€™m sure the new lab director is working hard to preserve NRELโ€™s tremendous expertise and important work in renewable energy while at the same time being responsive to DOE directives to strengthen the labโ€™s portfolio in areas such as AI and data centers.โ€

The Crossing Trails Wind Farm between Kit Carson and Seibert, about 150 miles east of Denver, has an installed capacity of 104 megawatts, which goes to Tri-State Generation and Transmission. Photo/Allen Best

On President Trump’s arroyo-phobic Clean Water Act rule: Plus: Congress kills another RMP, sows chaos; President Trump endangers Endangered Species Act — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org)

Ephemeral desert water. Jonathan P. Thompson photo

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

November 25, 2025

The News: The Trump administration last week weighed in on the 53-year battle over what waterways are covered by the 1972 Clean Water Act โ€” with a draft rule that would narrow the definition of โ€œWaters of the United States,โ€ or WOTUS. The rule would effectively remove federal CWA protections from hundreds of arroyos, rivers, and ephemeral streams in the Southwest, giving developers industries more latitude to alter or pollute those waterways. The public has until Jan. 5 to submit comments.

The Context: For years, the Environmental Protection Agency and Army Corps of Engineersโ€”the agencies charged with enforcing the CWAโ€”considered WOTUS to include everything from arroyos to prairie potholes to sloughs to mudflats, so long as the destruction or degradation thereof might ultimately affect traditionally navigable waters or interstate commerce (which could include recreation, sightseeing, or wildlife watching). It was a broad definition that gave the agencies latitude to โ€œrestore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nationโ€™s waters,โ€ as Congress mandated when creating the law in 1972.

Developers and property rights ideologues pushed back on this definition, saying it was too broad and therefore gave the feds too much power to curb pollution or restrict development. The issue ended up in the courts and, ultimately, to the U.S. Supreme Court.

The waters were muddied, so to speak, by the 2006 Supreme Court split decision on the Rapanos case. The late Justice Antonin Scalia wrote what would become the right-wingโ€™s preferred definition of waters of the U.S. He argued that they should include only โ€œrelatively permanent, standing or continuously flowing bodies of water โ€ฆ described in ordinary parlance as streams[,] โ€ฆ oceans, rivers, [and] lakes.โ€ Scaliaโ€™s definition emphatically excluded โ€œephemeral streamsโ€ and โ€œdry arroyos in the middle of the desert.โ€ Justice Anthony Kennedy disputed Scalia, saying instead the CWA should extend to any stream or body of water with a โ€œsignificant nexusโ€ to navigable waters, determined by a wetlandโ€™s or waterwayโ€™s status as an โ€œintegral part of the aquatic environment.โ€

Then, in 2023, in its ruling on the Sackett case, the SCOTUS majority deferred to Scaliaโ€™s Rapanos definition, writing: โ€œโ€ฆ we conclude that the Rapanos plurality was correct: the CWAโ€™s use of โ€˜watersโ€™ encompasses โ€˜only those relatively permanent, standing or continuously flowing bodies of water forming geographical features that are described in ordinary parlance as streams oceans, rivers and lakes.โ€™โ€

Itโ€™s up to the relevant agencies to translate these rulings into actual rules, often adding their own ideological twists. The W. Bush, Obama, and Trump I administrations issued their own post-Rapanos definitions of WOTUS, Biden weighed in post-Sackett, now Trump II is submitting its own set of industry-friendly, deregulatory definitions.

The EPAโ€™s proposed definition of โ€˜โ€˜waters of the United Statesโ€™โ€™ would include:

โ€œRelatively permanent,โ€ under the new rule, would mean

And then thereโ€™s this weird and vague, yet critical, term, โ€œwet season,โ€ which the rule defines as:

Sometimes you have to wonder whether the bureaucrats who come up with these things have ever even been to the Western U.S., particularly the arid Southwest.

The โ€œrelatively permanentโ€ requirement clearly excludes thousands of arroyos, ephemeral streams, washes, gullies, and even rios and rivers โ€” from the Santa Cruz to the Rillito to the Santa Fe to the Puerco and the Dirty Devil โ€” from CWA jurisdiction. Indeed, it leaves huge swaths of the Southwest without Clean Water Act protections, and at the mercy of respective states or counties. A 2008 EPA study estimates that ephemeral and intermittent streams make up 59% of all of the waterways in the U.S. (excluding Alaska) and over 81% in the arid and semi-arid Southwest (AZ, NM, UT, CO, CA).

Source: U.S. EPA.

The ecological benefits of ephemeral streams are obvious to any Western wanderer who happens to venture down a seemingly dry and barren arroyo bed, where they may find cool air, the smell of water even on the hottest day, tiny tracks of animals seeking sanctuary from the sun, the lascivous bloom of a datura, and cottonwoods and even willows miles and miles away from any โ€œrelatively permanentโ€ water source. And if thatโ€™s not enough, then consider that peer-reviewed research has found that these same ephemeral streams are major contributors to the water quantity and quality of the entire river drainage network of which they are a part.

Ephemeral streams are streams that do not always flow. They are above the groundwater reservoir and appear after precipitation in the area. Via Socratic.org

A 2024 study by Craig Brinkerhoff et al concludes: โ€œThis ephemeral influence directly implicates downstream water quality standards: Excluding ephemeral streams from coverage under the CWA would substantially narrow the extent of federal authority to regulate water quality in the United States.โ€

While the administration was looking to provide โ€œclarity,โ€ the โ€œwet seasonโ€ provision does exactly the opposite, especially when one tries to apply it to the desert Southwest. If southern Arizona has a wet season, wouldnโ€™t it be the days and weeks of the late summer monsoon? Many arroyos do run continuously during a good monsoon season, even if it is only for two or three weeks. So would that put them back under CWA jurisdiction?

How these proposed changes would play out on the ground is a bit of a puzzle โ€” especially given the โ€œwet seasonโ€ ambiguity. But what is clear is that developers of big housing projects in the desert outside Phoenix or Las Vegas or Tucson, for example, would be allowed to fill in or build roads through arroyos and washes without obtaining a federal CWA permit from the Army Corps of Engineers. That would leave it to the state and county to implement their own, similar, permitting systems if they chose to do so.

As one might expect, the energy industry, developers, ranchers, and farmers generally support the changes, since it will eliminate some of the red tape that tangles up and delays projects.

โ€œFor U.S. oil and natural gas operators, this is a game-changer,โ€ wrote the head of a Texas petroleum industry group in the Odessa American. โ€œPicture the Permian Basin or Bakken Formation: vast swaths dotted with intermittent draws and playas that previous rules treated like sacred rivers, triggering Section 404 permits under the U.S. Army Corps that could drag on for years and cost millions in mitigation. Now, with ephemeral features sidelined and groundwater off-limits, operators can overcome those hurdles for well pads, access roads, and seismic surveys.โ€

If you live in the West, you probably live near at least one of the ephemeral streams that would lose federal protections under these new definitions. You might want to go walk up it sometime soon before it goes away.

In the meantime, you have until Jan. 5 to send your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPAโ€“HQโ€“ OWโ€“2025โ€“0322, by any of the following methods:

  • Federal eRulemaking Portal:ย https://www.regulations.gov/ย (our preferred method). Follow the online instructions for submitting comments.
  • Email: OW-Docket@epa.gov. Include Docket ID No. EPAโ€“HQโ€“OWโ€“ 2025โ€“0322 in the subject line of the message.
  • Mail: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Docket Center, Water Docket, Mail Code 28221T, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460.

Read more about the Clean Water Act, WOTUS, and the value of ephemeral waterways here (but remember, you gotta become a paid subscriber to bust through the paywall!)


News Roundup: Arroyos on trial; Superstition Vistas; Lake Powell bridge — Jonathan P. Thompson


Scene from a huge coal mine in the Powder River Basin. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

๐ŸŒต Public Lands ๐ŸŒฒ

Congressional Republicans have apparently decided that the best way to turn over public lands to the extractive industries is to do away with the plans guiding management of those lands. Earlier this year, Congress revoked three Bureau of Land Management resource management plans in Montana, North Dakota, and Alaska. Now, theyโ€™ve done the same for the RMP for the BLMโ€™s Buffalo Field Office in Wyoming, which covers a good portion of the coal-rich Powder River Basin.

These mark the first times ever that the Congressional Review Act, which is intended to give Congress the power to review and possibly revoke recently implemented administrative rules, has been used in this manner. Thatโ€™s in part because RMPs have not been considered โ€œrulesโ€ in the past, meaning they are not subject to congressional review.

Resource Management Plans provide a framework for managing large swaths of land and authorize the BLM to permit mining, drilling, grazing, and other activities. They endeavor to balance the agencyโ€™s multiple-use mandate with environmental protections, guiding resource extraction and development away from sensitive areas and toward more appropriate ones, for example. They can take years to develop, and incorporate science, legal considerations, court orders, tribal consultation, and input from local officials and the general public.

And then, with just a few hours of debate and no opportunity for public input, Congress can toss the whole thing into the can. 

In this case, the main target was a provision of the Biden-era RMP that halted new coal leasing on that swath of public land. While the moratorium was celebrated by environmentalists and panned by fossil fuel lovers when it was implemented late last year, it was largely symbolic, since existing leases contain enough coal to meet demand at least until 2040. So revoking the ban similarly wonโ€™t lead to any new mining anytime soon, nor are resulting lease sales likely to fetch much industry interest or acceptable bids. 

But in their haste to scrap the ban, Congress also may have taken away the BLMโ€™s power to issue new leases altogether โ€” not just for coal, but for oil and gas drilling, grazing, or any other use. And not just for the Buffalo Field Office, either. This is a bit wonky, but basically it goes like this:

  • By applying the CRA to RMPs, Congress is saying that RMPs are โ€œrules.โ€
  • According to the CRA, rules must be submitted to Congress before they can take effect.
  • No RMP that has been implemented since 1996 has been submitted to Congress.
  • Therefore, no post-1996 RMP has legally taken effect, making it invalid.
  • The Federal Land Policy Management Act says the BLM can only issue permits, leases, rights of way, and other authorizations โ€œin accordance withโ€ a valid land use plan, or RMP.
  • Therefore all permits, leases, ROWs, and other authorizations issued under post-1996 RMPs โ€” including over 5,000 oil and gas leases, and hundreds more coming up for auction in the near future โ€” are invalid.

This summer, 31 law professors and public land experts called on Congress to refrain from using the CRA to revoke RMPs. โ€œThe resulting uncertainty could trigger an endless cycle of litigation,โ€ they wrote, โ€œeffectively freezing the ability of the BLM and other agencies to manage public lands for years, if not decades to come.โ€

Just last week, a group of conservation organization legal analysts expanded on the potential for chaos, and called on the BLM to pause new leasing and address the โ€œpotential legal deficienciesโ€ of oil and gas leases covering some 4 million acres that were issued under now potentially invalid RMPs. The agency should not issue drilling permits for those leases, the analysts wrote, and it should consider canceling the leases.

Somehow, I donโ€™t think the BLM under the current administration is going to follow that suggestion. Given its track record, it seems more likely that the agency will see the sudden lack of valid RMPs as an open gate through which it can ferry its pro-extractive agenda. This one is almost sure to end up in court.

๐Ÿฆซ Wildlife Watch ๐Ÿฆ…

The Trump administration is proposing new regulations that would dial back Endangered Species Act protections and weaken the landmark law to โ€œstrengthen American energy independence,โ€ according to an Interior Department news release.

The new rules would:

  • Make it more difficult for the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to designate critical habitat in areas that are not currently occupied by an endangered species โ€” likely because they were extirpated from the area โ€” but that are essential for the conservation of that species. This would make recovering an endangered species that much more difficult.
  • Remove a rule that extends ESA protections to species that are listed as โ€œthreatened,โ€ which is one step away from โ€œendangered.โ€ This would potentially remove protections for species such as the marbled murrelet, vernal pool fairy shrimp, western snowy plover, Gunnison sage grouse, northern sea otter, and many others.
  • Direct agencies to give economic impacts greater weight when deciding whether to extend ESA protections to a species. This could have potentially pushed the feds to, say, back off on listing the Tiehmโ€™s buckwheat under the ESA, because doing so would potentially restrict or nix a proposed lithium mine in its only known habitat.
  • Make it more difficult for the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to designate critical habitat in areas that are not currently occupied by an endangered species โ€” likely because they were extirpated from the area โ€” but that are essential for the conservation of that species. This would make recovering an endangered species that much more difficult.
  • Remove a rule that extends ESA protections to species that are listed as โ€œthreatened,โ€ which is one step away from โ€œendangered.โ€ This would potentially remove protections for species such as the marbled murrelet, vernal pool fairy shrimp, western snowy plover, Gunnison sage grouse, northern sea otter, and many others.
  • Direct agencies to give economic impacts greater weight when deciding whether to extend ESA protections to a species. This could have potentially pushed the feds to, say, back off on listing the Tiehmโ€™s buckwheat under the ESA, because doing so would potentially restrict or nix a proposed lithium mine in its only known habitat.

โ€œThis plan hacks apart the Endangered Species Act and creates a blueprint for the extinction for some of Americaโ€™s most beloved wildlife,โ€ said Stephanie Kurose, deputy director of government affairs at the Center for Biological Diversity, in a written statement.

๐Ÿ“ธ Parting Shot ๐ŸŽž๏ธ
Raven and the red, white, and blue. Digital Painting by Jonathan P. Thompson.

And, finally, theย Land Deskย readers have spoken, and they have chosen El Burro Blanco as the name for the newย Land Desk dispatch-mobile, with Hank coming in a distant second.


Moab seeks bigger crowds? — Jonathan P. Thompson


The big data center buildup: An AI server farm tsunami threatens to overwhelm the Westโ€™s power grid and water supplies — Jonathan P. Thompson (High Country News)

Welcome to the Landline, a monthly newsletter from High Country News about land, water, wildlife, climate and conservation in the Western United States. Sign up to get it in your inbox. Screenshot from the High Country News website.

Click the link to read the article on the High Country News website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

November 25, 2025

This is an installment of the Landline, a monthly newsletter from High Country News about land, water, wildlife, climate and conservation in the Western United States. Sign up to get it in your inbox.

In early November, Texas-based New Era Energy & Digital announced plans to build a โ€œhyperscale,โ€ meaning massive,ย AI-processing data center complexย in Lea County, New Mexico, the epicenter of the Permian Basin oil and gas drilling boom. The campus will be so big, and use so much power, that, if and when it is built, it will come with its own nuclear and gas power plants, with a mind-blowing combined generation capacity of about 7 gigawatts. Thatโ€™s like piling the Westโ€™s largest nuclear and natural gas plants โ€” Palo Verde and Gila River, both near Phoenix โ€” on top of one another, and then adding another 800 megawatts. That kind of power could electrify something like 5.3 million homes, though these power plantsโ€™ output presumably will all go toward more pressing requirements: processing movie streaming, doomscrolling, social media posting and, especially, AI-related activities. [ed. emphasis mine]

Despite the enormity of this proposal, it has received very little news coverage. This is not because anyone is trying to keep it secret, but rather because such announcements have become so common that itโ€™s hardly worth mentioning every new one. New Eraโ€™s hyperscale server farm and others like it are still a long way from generating and then devouring their own electricity. But even if only a fraction of the current proposals succeed, they will transform the Westโ€™s power grid, its landscapes and its economies as significantly as the post-World War II Big Buildup, when huge coal plants and hydroelectric dams sprouted across the region to deliver power to burgeoning cities via high-voltage transmission lines.

Data center construction at 49th & Race, Denver. Photo credit: Allen Best

In fact, this transformation is already underway. A new report from the nonprofit NEXT 10 and University of California Riverside found that, in 2023, data centers in California pulled 10.82 terawatt-hours of electricity โ€” 1 terawatt equals 1 trillion watts โ€” from the stateโ€™s grid, or about enough to power 1 million U.S. households. This resulted in about 2.4 million tons of carbon emissions, even with Californiaโ€™s relatively clean energy mix. (On more fossil fuel-reliant grids, the emissions would have been twice that, or even more.) These same centers directly and indirectly consumed about 13.2 billion gallons of water for cooling and electricity generation. In Silicon Valley, more than 50 data centers accounted for about 60% of one electricity providerโ€™s total load, prompting the utility to raise its customers rates to fund the transmission and substation upgrades and new battery energy storage the facilities required.

These facilities are also colonizing cities and towns far from Big Techโ€™s Silicon Valley epicenter. Over 100 data centers โ€” structures that resemble big-box stores overflowing with row after row of computer processors โ€” have already sprung up in Phoenix-area business parks, and the planned new ones could increase Arizonaโ€™s total power load by 300% over current levels, according to utilities. Recently, Arizona Public Service announced it would keep burning coal at the Four Corners Power Plant beyond its scheduled 2031 retirement to help meet this growing demand.

Data center developments around the West include:

  • NorthWestern Energy signed on toย provide up to 1,000 MWย of power โ€” or nearly all of the utilityโ€™s generating capacity โ€” to Quantica Infrastructureโ€™s AI data center under development in Montanaโ€™s Yellowstone County.
  • The 290-mile Boardman-to-Hemingway transmission project under development in Idaho and Oregon was initially designed to serve about 800,000 PacifiCorp utility customers. But in October it was revealed that the line now willย deliver all of its electricityย to a single industrial customer in Oregon, most likely a new data center.
  • In September, an NV Energy executive told a gathering in Las Vegas that tech firms are asking the utility to supply up to 22,000 megawatts of electricity for planned data centers. Since the utility has largely moved away from coal, this new load would likely be met by generation from existing and planned natural gas facilities, along with proposed utility-scale solar installations.
  • Xcel Energy expects toย spend about $22 billionย in the next 15 years to meet new data centersโ€™ projected power demand in Colorado, potentially doubling or even tripling legacy customersโ€™ rates. Xcel and the stateโ€™s public utilities commission are currently working to reverse the planned closure of a coal plant due to projected data center-associated electricity shortages.
  • Wyoming officials are doing their best to lure data centers and cryptocurrency firms to the state, and it seems to be working. This summer, Tallgrassย proposedย building an 1,800 MW data center, along with dedicated gas-fired and renewable power facilities, near Cheyenne. It would add to Metaโ€™sย facilityย in Cheyenne and the 1,200 MW natural gas-powered Prometheus Hyperscale data center under development in Evanston. Observers say electricity demand from these centers couldย transform the physical and regulatory utility landscapeย and potentially drive up costs for โ€œlegacyโ€ customers.
  • New Mexico utilities are struggling toย meet growing demandย from an increasing number of data centers while also complying with the stateโ€™s Energy Transition Actโ€™s requirements for cutting greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Doรฑa Ana County approved tax incentives for Project Jupiter, a proposed $165 billion data center campus in Santa Teresa in the southeastern corner of New Mexico. Developers have indicated they plan on building dedicated power generation, though they have not yet disclosed the energy sources.
  • Numerous companies areย eyeing Delta, Utah, as a site for new data centers, drawn by the areaโ€™s relatively cheap land, existing agricultural water rights and the fact that itโ€™s home to the Intermountain Power Project, a colossal coal plant built during the original Big Buildup in the years after World War II. The plant is scheduled to be converted to run on natural gas and, ultimately, hydrogen, but Utah lawmakers want at least one of its units to continue to burn coal. They just need a buyer for the dirty power it would produce, and data centers could fit the bill. Fibernet MercuryDelta is looking to construct the 20 million-square-foot Delta Gigasite there, and Creekstone Energy plans to manage 10 gigawatts of capacity there, with power coming from coal, solar and natural gas.
The Intermountain Power Project plant in Delta, Utah. The plant was scheduled to be converted away from coal, but Utah lawmakers want it to continue to burn coal. They need a buyer for the dirty power, and data centers could fit the bill. By Doc Searls from Santa Barbara, USA – 2014_11_21_lhr-lax_330, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38536818

The Western power grid is interconnected but also divided into 38 balancing authorities, or grid operators. Nearly every one of them is expected to see an increase in data center-driven demand over the next decade or so as the Big Digital Buildup gains steam, and few of them are currently equipped to meet that demand. In fact, the North American Electricity Reliability Corp.ย warned this monthย that growing data center-driven power demand is increasing the risk of outages this winter in parts of the West. Therefore, many of the largest data centers are going to need to generate their own power, while utilities also will have to scramble to add generating capacity and associated infrastructure as quickly as possible to serve the regionโ€™s on-grid facilities. The costs of that new infrastructure will be borne by each utilityโ€™s ratepayers.

How will the needed power be generated?

Thereโ€™s simply no way utilities and developers can meet the projected demand with solar and wind, alone. So, utilities are already making plans to keep existing coal plants running past previously scheduled retirement dates, and to build new natural gas plants and even nuclear reactors. Yes, nukes: Google, Switch, Amazon, Open AI and Meta are all looking to power proposed facilities with the new โ€” so new they have yet to be developed โ€” crop of small, modular and advanced reactors, if and when they are finally up and running.

Can data centers be โ€œsustainableโ€?

These developments will have environmental consequences, some more than others. Fossil fuel burning feeds climate change and pollutes the air, and oil and gas drilling and coal mining ravage landscapes; utility-scale solar and wind facilities can harm wildlife habitat and often require hundreds of miles of new transmission lines to move the power around; and nuclear power comes with unique safety hazards and a nagging radioactive waste problem, while the uranium mining and milling industry risks reenacting its deadly Cold War legacy. Even a facility that gets all of its power from solar and batteries is still using resources that, without the extra demand, would otherwise be replacing fossil fuels on the grid. And, unless it has a closed-loop air-cooled system, the data center will still consume water for cooling, usually from municipal drinking water systems.

Wyoming-based Prometheus Hyperscale has made waves with its ambitious and seemingly visionary talk of building โ€œsustainableโ€ data centers with dedicated clean energy generation, water recycling and efficient cooling systems that would capitalize on the cold in the Northern Rockies. Itโ€™s even talked about harnessing the heat from the servers to warm greenhouses and shrimp-farming operations. Maybe, one day, the power will be supplemented by nuclear micro-reactors. But so far, the companyโ€™s walk is not exactly matching its talk. In the beginning, at least, the facility will run on natural gas, and Prometheus says it will offset carbon emissions by paying another company to capture and sequester carbon dioxide from biofuel plants in Nebraska.

Is resistance futile?

Resistance to the imminent server farm tsunami and its outsized energy and water use is widespread, but because these are local projects considered on local levels, battling them can feel a bit like playing whack-a-mole. After Tucson-area residents defeated the cityโ€™s plan to annex the proposed Project Blue data center, which would have enabled it to use treated wastewater for cooling, the developers simply moved the project into the county and planned to use an air-cooling system, which requires less water but more energy. When opposition continued, the firm committed to investing in enough renewable energy on Tucson Electric Powerโ€™s grid to offset all of its electricity use.

Also working against the resistance is the fact that many local governments and utilities actually welcome the onslaught. Data centers can bring jobs and tax revenues โ€” assuming the state, county or municipality doesnโ€™t exempt them from taxes โ€” to economically distraught areas. Meanwhile, utilities are champing at the bit to sell more of their product and raise rates to pay for the needed additional infrastructure. When announcing all the data centers headed for Nevada, NV Energy executive Jeff Brigger noted that the utility is โ€œexcited to serve this load.โ€

While much of the opposition to data centers is based on their environmental impacts and the effects they might have on utility rates and on the communities where theyโ€™re built, the notion of AI itself is also a factor. Itโ€™s one thing to see a lot of water or power used to grow food, for instance, but quite another to see coal power plants continue to run simply so that a computer can write a high school essay or answer an inane question or draw a picture or even serve as a companion of sorts. To be fair, AI does have potentially significant and positive applications, such as diagnosing medical conditions and crunching large quantities of data to find, say, possible cures for cancer or solutions to geopolitical problems.

But before it goes about changing the world, maybe AI ought to start with itself and figure out how to do its thing without using so much energy and water.

How about just closing Comanche 3 for good?: Environmental groups outline their views about what is best in wake of Colorado #coal plantโ€™s latest โ€” and extended โ€” outage — Allen Best (BigPivots.com)

Comanche 3 in 2010. Photo credit: Allen Best/Big Pivots

Click the link to read the article on the Big Pivots website (Allen Best):

November 21, 2025

Comanche 3, the trouble-plagued coal-fired power plant in Pueblo, went down on Aug. 12. Xcel Energy, the unitโ€™s operator and primary owner, says it canโ€™t be restored to service until June 2026.

This will be the third extended outage since 2020 for the coal plant, Coloradoโ€™s largest and newest unit.

Might the best thing for Xcelโ€™s customers be if the plant remained dormant? Donโ€™t try to repair it, whatever is wrong this time. Instead, save the money and just continue operating the much older and more reliable โ€” but soon to be retired โ€” Comanche 2?

Several environmental groups have advanced that idea in response to a proposal by Xcel and three state agencies to keep Comanche 2 operating for a full year beyond its current planned retirement at the end of December.

That plan on the table would leave both coal-burning units operating in the second half of 2026, point out the Sierra Club and Natural Resources Defense Council. They would provide more power than needed and will also generate pollution at levels greater than acceptable.

Western Resource Advocates, the City of Boulder and others have similar things to say. They also embrace an alternative plan. That plan would have the stateโ€™s Public Utilities Commission give Comanche 3 a hard look in coming months instead of waiting until next summer.

โ€œThe question must be asked whether any further reliance on Comanche at this juncture is prudent,โ€ says Boulder in its filing with the PUC yesterday. โ€œRatepayers continue to bear the consequences of (Xcel subsidiary) Public Serviceโ€™s failings when it comes to Comanche 3. At some point, the bleeding must stop.โ€

In asking to keep the plant open, Xcel insists that it is vulnerable to having too little generating capacity. It is at risk of having resource inadequacy. The basics of any utility are to keep the lights on, with only rare outages. The environmental groups do not disagree, but they do question whether Xcel โ€” in concert with a trio of state agencies โ€” have over-stated the case.

Western Resource Advocates also questions what is causing the โ€œresource adequacyโ€ about which Xcel has been fretting.

โ€œThe proposed extension to the retirement of Comanche 2 and the unplanned, extended outage of Comanche 3 represent extreme circumstances that may result in tens of millions of dollars in unexpected cost and increased emissions above levels previously expected,โ€ the Boulder-based WRA says in a filing with the PUC.

โ€œFurther, the proposed variance calls into question whether the company has strained its resource capacity position โ€” at the expense of all existing customers โ€” by soliciting and accepting new large-load interconnections.โ€

Large loads are commonly understood to consist mostly of data centers.

Pueblo County, along with the city and economic development group there, take a contrary point of view. They want to see the coal plants operating without question. They insist that the coal-fired power production from both units will be needed to power the steel mill in Pueblo. The plant is formally called Rocky Mountain Steel.

Thatโ€™s partly accurate. However, the steel plant in 2023 went on-line with the Bighorn Solar Project, which has a capacity of 300 megawatts and can, on a net-basis, deliver almost all the electricity needed at the steel plant. The steel plant also operates when the sun does not shine, of course.

As part of their long-standing complaint, the Pueblo interests say that they badly need the coal jobs at Comanche. โ€œApproximately one out of every four residents receive SNAP benefits compared to the state average of one in 10,โ€ says Pueblo.

In 2018, Xcel and other parties at the negotiating table agreed that Comanche 2 would be retired by the end of 2025. The PUC commissioners stamped their approval on the agreement. That agreement assumed more or less steady operations of Comanche 3. The assumption was misguided.

Comanche 3 was down for an average 91 days each year during its first decade. Then came 2020, an outage that extended about a year and into 2021. Another outage soon followed. A 2021 PUC staff report found that the actual cost of energy from Comanche 3 had been nearly 50% higher than expected when the unit was proposed almost 20 years before.

The proposal has the backing of the Polis administration, including the Colorado Energy Office, the Office of the Utility Consumer Advocate, and the PUC trial staff. The petition with the PUC was filed Nov. 10 by Attorney General Phil Weiser.

The petitioners said that keeping Comanche 2 operating for a year was the โ€œmost cost-effective approach to providing needed electricity for the systemโ€ as identified by Xcel.

Given the outage of Comanche 3, say the environmental groups, they do not object to Comanche 2 remaining open for a year longer. They do, however, see problems with the proposal by Xcel.

First, the solution is โ€œfar broader than the problem it tries to solve,โ€ says the Sierra Club and NRDC. If both Comanche 2 and 3 are operating, they will produce more power โ€” and pollution โ€” than had been planned.

They also point to a โ€œglaring contractionโ€ in the petition by Xcel and the state agencies. They see an imminent need to justify continued operation of Comanche 2 yet propose to delay starting a litigated proceeding at the PUC until next June to investigate all options for dealing with a near-term need.

This is getting the cart before the horse, they say. โ€œGiven the long history of forced outages at Comanche 3, its repeated cost overruns, and the fact that it is already slated to retire by 2031,โ€ the PUC commissioners should weigh in before Xcel decides whether to repair Comanche 3.

The alternative plan advocated by the environmental community would keep Comanche 2 operating for a full year โ€” but place limits on the operations of the unit coupled with that of Comanche 3, whenever it returns to service. โ€œThis allows the same total amount of generation from the two units as if Comanche 3 were available for all of 2026.โ€

Comanche Generating Station. Photo credit: Allen Best/Big Pivots

#COP30 Backpedals on #Climate Action: Offering no new plans to cut fossil fuels, the UNโ€™s climate conference failed to produce a roadmap to stop #GlobalWarming — Bob Berwyn (InsideClimateNews.org)

The convention center in Belem, Brazil, where COP30, the United Nations annual climate talks, took place over the past 12 days. Credit: Bob Berwyn/Inside Climate News

November 22, 2025

BELร‰M, Brazilโ€”After negotiators at COP30 retreated from meaningful climate action by failing to specifically mention the need to stop using fossil fuels in the final conference documents published Saturday, the disappointment inside the COP30 conference center was as pervasive as the diesel fumes from the generators outside the tent.

This yearโ€™s United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was billed as the โ€œCOP of Truthโ€ by host country Brazil, but it could go down in history โ€œas the deadliest talk show ever,โ€ said Harjeet Singh, founding director of the Satat Sampada Climate Foundation in India and strategic advisor to the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative.

COP30 was yet another โ€œtheater of delayโ€ with endless discussions, and the creation of yet more administrative duties, โ€œsolely to avoid the actions that matterโ€”committing to a just transition away from fossil fuels and putting money on the table,โ€ he said.

A draft text released Nov. 18 clearly spelled out the need to transition away from fossil fuels, but in the final version, the language was watered down, merely acknowledging that โ€œthe global transition towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development is irreversible and the trend of the future.โ€

After setting out ambitious targets ahead of the climate talks, COP30 President Andrรฉ Corrรชa do Lago, the secretary for climate, energy and environment in Brazilโ€™s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, acknowledged the disappointment. 

โ€œWe know some of you had greater ambitions for some of the issues at hand. I know the youth civil society will demand us to do more to fight climate change,โ€ he said during the opening of the final plenary.

Do Lago pledged to press for more action during his upcoming year as the COP president.

โ€œI, as president of COP30, will therefore create two roadmaps, one on halting and reversing deforestation and another on transitioning away from fossil fuels in a just, orderly, and equitable manner,โ€ he said.

That was not enough for some leading climate scientists. 

โ€œImplementation requires concrete roadmaps to accelerate the phase out of fossil fuels, and we got neither,โ€ said Johan Rockstrรถm, director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany.

Indigenous climate activists marched on Friday through the conference hall at COP30 in Belem, Brazil, to protest continued fossil fuel exploitation on Indigenous lands. Credit: Bob Berwyn/Inside Climate News

During the closing plenary, a representative from Colombia said that her country refused to accept parts of the decision as written. โ€œDenying the best available science not only puts the climate regime at risk, but also our own existence. Which message are we sending the world, Mr. President?โ€

In a post on X, Colombian President Gustavo Petro elaborated, saying, โ€œI do not accept that in the COP 30 declaration. It is not clearly stated, as science says, that the cause of the climate crisis is the fossil fuels used by capital. If that is not said, everything else is hypocrisy.โ€

He noted that life on the planet is only possible โ€œif we separate from oil, coal, and natural gas as a source of energy โ€ฆ Colombia opposes a COP 30 declaration that does not tell the scientific truth to the world.โ€

After several similar objections, do Lago suspended the plenary to consult with the UNFCCC secretariat about how to proceed, since the entire process is built on consensus. And while consensus isnโ€™t the same as unanimity, the U.N.โ€™s climate body has faced repeated criticism in recent years for ignoring the pleas of smaller countries amid the rush to finalize COP agreements.

But apparently there was enough consensus to proceed.

Looking for bright spots, former Irish President Mary Robinson, now a member of The Elders, a group of global leaders that works to address issues, including climate change, said the deal is far from perfect, but it shows that countries can still work together โ€œat a time when multilateralism is being tested.โ€

Robinson said the COP30 outcome includes concrete steps toward establishing a mechanism to ensure no countries are left behind in the transition away from fossil fuels.

โ€œWe opened this COP noting the absence of the United States administration,โ€ she said. โ€œBut no one country, present or absent, could dampen the โ€˜mutiraoโ€™ spirit,โ€ or collective effort.

Given the recent rise of global political tensions, she said Belรฉm โ€œrevealed the limits of the possible, but also the power of the determined. We must follow where that determination leads.โ€

In another of the final documents, COP30 emphasized โ€œthe inherent connection between pursuing efforts to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5 ยฐC and pursuing just transition pathways,โ€ and that such a pathway leads to โ€œmore robust and equitable mitigation and adaptation outcomes.โ€

The conferenceโ€™s adoption of a just transition mechanism was hailed as a huge win by the Climate Action Network International, an umbrella group that represents hundreds of local, regional and national grassroots organizations working on climate justice. In a statement, the group called it โ€œone of the strongest rights-based outcomes in the history of the UN climate negotiations.โ€

The outcome could have been even better with stronger leadership from the European Union, which publicly advocated for more ambition, but opposed key provisions in closed-door negotiations, several observers said.

โ€œWith the U.S. absent, the European Union had a chance to lead; instead, they stepped into the vacuum as the primary obstructionist,โ€ said Singh, including opposition to language on fossil fuel phaseout timetables.

He said the European Union member countries were โ€œplaying a cynical blame game while the planet burns.โ€ Decisions made at this and previous COPs provided the tools needed to address the crisis, but the political will and the money to implement them are still lacking.

Federal Water Tap, November 17, 2025: Bureau of Reclamation Cancels Fall High-Flow Experiment at Glen Canyon Dam — Brett Walton (circleofblue.org)

Click the link to read the article on the Circle of Blue website (Brett Walton):

November 17, 2025

The Rundown

  • Because of the government shutdown, the Bureau of Reclamation cancels a high-volume water release fromย Glen Canyon Damย meant to rebuild Colorado River beaches.
  • Department of Energy research lab announces a funding opportunity to develop cheaperย wastewater treatment for coal power plants.
  • Economic disaster declarationย approved for an Illinois county where a harmful algal bloom in July resulted in a โ€˜do not drinkโ€™ water advisory.
  • The Bureau of Land Management is scheduled this week to publish a final environmental impact statement for a proposedย groundwater pipelineย in Utah.
  • Hydropower generationย at federal dams in the western states was below average in fiscal year 2025.

And lastly, House Democrats from Illinois ask the EPA to release lead pipe replacement funds.

โ€œUsing federal funds as leverage against communities based on political considerations represents a dangerous abuse of power that undermines public trust and puts lives at risk. The longer we wait, the higher the long-term health, educational, and economic costs will climb, with costs being borne disproportionately by low-income and marginalized communities who have the least political power to demand faster action.โ€ โ€“ย Letterย from seven Illinois representatives to Lee Zeldin, the EPA administrator, asking him to release federal funds for lead pipe replacements.

By the Numbers

River Mile 46.5: Estimated location, as of November 14, of the leading edge of the saltwater โ€œwedgeโ€ in the Mississippi River in southern Louisiana. The wedge โ€“ salt water that pushed upriver due to weak water flow โ€“ has retreated 10 miles in the last three weeks.

88: Percent of average hydropower generation at federal dams overseen by the Western Area Power Administration in fiscal year 2025.

In context: Two-Decade Hydropower Plunge at Big Colorado River Dams

November 2012 High Flow Experiment via Protect the Flows

News Briefs

Glen Canyon Dam High-Flow Release Canceled
Due to the government shutdown, the Bureau of Reclamation canceled a planned high-volume release of water from Glen Canyon Dam.

โ€œThis decision is based on the current lapse in appropriations, which has created uncertainty concerning necessary resources,โ€ said Wayne Pullan, director of the Upper Colorado Basin Region, in a letter dated October 31.

High-flow releases are typically carried out when downstream sediment conditions are ripe for rebuilding Colorado River beaches. The last such release was in April 2023.

Pullan said that conditions in spring 2026 will probably be conducive to a high-flow release.

Illinois Harmful Algal Bloom
The Small Business Administration approved an economic disaster declaration for Coles County, Illinois, for a harmful algal bloom in July that resulted in residents being told not to drink their tap water.

The disaster declaration allows small businesses that were hurt by the do-not-drink order to receive low-interest loans. Small businesses in six contiguous counties are also eligible.

Microcystin, a neurotoxin produced by the algae, was found in the treated water above safety limits in the town of Mattoon. The town issued two do-not-drink orders in a week. Businesses closed and residents bought bottled water.

Mattoonโ€™s water comes from Lake Paradise, the source of the algae.

Studies and Reports

Keeping Coal Going
The National Energy Technology Laboratory, a Department of Energy research arm, is offering $50 million in federal funding for projects to develop wastewater treatment systems for coal power plants.

It is the largest part of a $100 million funding announcement intended to improve the โ€œefficiency, effectiveness, costs, emissions reductions, and environmental performance of coal and natural gas use.โ€

For wastewater treatment, the goal is to reduce discharges and generate useful, money-making byproducts.

Applications are due January 7, 2026.

On the Radar

Senate Hearings
On November 19, the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works will hold a hearing on PFAS cleanup and disposal.

Also that day, the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee will discuss BLM land use planning.

Utah Rivers map via Geology.com

Utah Groundwater Supply Pipeline
The BLM is due to release an environmental impact statement on November 21 for the Pine Valley Water Supply Project, a scheme to pump groundwater in southwest Utahโ€™s Beaver County and move it to neighboring Iron County for municipal supply and irrigation water.

Proposed by the Central Iron County Water Conservancy District, the project includes 15 wells to supply 15,000 acre-feet of groundwater per year, 70 miles of pipeline, and a 200-acre solar field.

In context: Big Water Pipelines, and Old Pursuit, Still Alluring in Drying West

Federal Water Tap is a weekly digest spotting trends in U.S. government water policy. To get more water news, follow Circle of Blue on Twitter and sign up for our newsletter.

Can the world quitย coal? — Stacy D. VanDeveer (TheConvesation.com)

A fisherman looks at the Suralaya coal-fired power plant in Cilegon, Indonesia, in 2023. Ronald Siagian/AFP via Getty Images

Stacy D. VanDeveer, UMass Boston

As world leaders and thousands of researchers, activists and lobbyists meet in Brazil at the 30th annual United Nations climate conference, there is plenty of frustration that the world isnโ€™t making progress on climate change fast enough.

Globally, greenhouse gas emissions and global temperatures continue to rise. In the U.S., the Trump administration, which didnโ€™t send an official delegation to the climate talks, is rolling back environmental and energy regulations and pressuring other countries to boost their use of fossil fuels โ€“ the leading driver of climate change.

Coal use is also rising, particularly in India and China. And debates rage about justice and the future for coal-dependent communities as coal burning and coal mining end.

But underneath the bad news is a set of complex, contradictory and sometimes hopeful developments.

The problem with coal

Coal is the dirtiest source of fossil fuel energy and a major contributor of greenhouse gas emissions, making it bad not just for the climate but also for human health. That makes it a good target for cutting global emissions.

A swift drop in coal use is the main reason U.S. greenhouse gas emissions fell in recent years as natural gas and renewable energy became cheaper.

Today, nearly a third of all countries worldwide have pledged to phase out their unabated coal-burning power plants in the coming years, including several countries you might not expect. Germany, Spain, Malaysia, the Czech Republic โ€“ all have substantial coal reserves and coal use today, yet they are among the more than 60 countries that have joined the Powering Past Coal Alliance and set phase-out deadlines between 2025 and 2040.

Several governments in the European Union and Latin America are now coal phase-out leaders, and EU greenhouse gas emissions continue to fall.

Progress, and challenges ahead

So, where do things stand for phasing out coal burning globally? The picture is mixed. For example:

  • The accelerating deployment of renewable energy, energy storage, electric vehicles and energy efficiency globally offer hope that global emissions are on their way to peaking. More than 90% of the new electricity capacity installed worldwide in 2024 came from clean energy sources. However, energy demand is also growing quickly, so new renewable power does not always replace older fossil fuel plants or prevent new ones, including coal.
  • China now burns more coal than the rest of the world combined, and it continues to build new coal plants. But China is also a driving force in the dramatic growth in solar and wind energy investments and electricity generation inside China and around the world. As the industry leader in renewable energy technology, it has a strong economic interest in solar and wind powerโ€™s success around the world.
  • While climate policies that can reduce coal use are being subject to backlash politics and policy rollbacks in the U.S. and several European democracies, many other governments around the world continue to enact and implement cleaner energy and emissions reduction policies.

Phasing out coal isnโ€™t easy, or happening as quickly as studies show is needed to slow climate change.

To meet the 2015 Paris Agreementโ€™s goals of limiting global warming to well under 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 Fahrenheit) compared to pre-industrial times, research shows that the world will need to rapidly reduce nearly all fossil fuel burning and associated emissions โ€“ and it is not close to being on track.

Ensuring a just transition for coal communities

Many countries with coal mining operations worry about the transition for coal-dependent communities as mines shut down and jobs disappear.

No one wants a repeat of then-Prime Minister Margaret Thatcherโ€™s destruction of British coal communities in the 1980s in her effort to break the mineworkers union. Mines rapidly closed, and many coal communities and regions were left languishing in economic and social decline for decades.

Two men put coal chunks into a sack with a power plant in the background.
Two men collect coal for cooking outside the Komati Power Station, where they used to work, in 2024, in Komati, South Africa. Both lost their jobs when Eskom closed the power plant in 2022 under international pressure to cut emissions. Per-Anders Pettersson/Getty Images

But as more countries phase out coal, they offer examples of how to ensure coal-dependent workers, communities, regions and entire countries benefit from a just transition to a coal-free system.

At local and national levels, research shows that careful planning, grid updates and reliable financing schemes, worker retraining, small-business development and public funding of coal worker pensions and community and infrastructure investments can help set coal communities on a path for prosperity.

A fossil fuel nonproliferation treaty?

At the global climate talks, several groups, including the Powering Past Coal Alliance and an affiliated Coal Transition Commission, have been pushing for a fossil fuel nonproliferation treaty. It would legally bind governments to a ban on new fossil fuel expansion and eventually eliminate fossil fuel use.

The world has affordable renewable energy technologies with which to replace coal-fired electricity generation โ€“ solar and wind are cheaper than fossil fuels in most places. There are still challenges with the transition, but also clear ways forward. Removing political and regulatory obstacles to building renewable energy generation and transmission lines, boosting production of renewable energy equipment, and helping low-income countries manage the upfront cost with more affordable financing can help expand those technologies more widely around the world.

Shifting to renewable energy also has added benefits: Itโ€™s much less harmful to the health of those who live and work nearby than mining and burning coal is.

So can the world quit coal? Yes, I believe we can. Or, as Brazilians say, โ€œSim, nรณs podemos.โ€

Stacy D. VanDeveer, Professor of Global Governance & Human Security, UMass Boston

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Built to Fail: Rules at UN Climate Talks Favor the Status Quo, Not Progress: Experts say stifling bureaucratic procedures that are disconnected from the #ClimateCrisis have consistently stalled COP negotiations — Bob Berwyn (InsideClimateNews.org) #COP30

This section of the Colorado River at the boat launch near Corn Lake dipped to around 150 cfs in lake August 2025. Known as the 15-mile reach, this stretch of river should have at least 810 cfs to meet the needs of endangered fish. CREDIT: HEATHER SACKETT/ASPEN JOURNALISM

By Bob Berwyn

November 12, 2025

This article originally appeared on Inside Climate News, a nonprofit, non-partisan news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for their newsletter here.

Frustration about slow progress at the United Nations climate talks boiled over this week. After hours under the equatorial sun at COP30 in Belรฉm, Brazil, scores of protesters pushed past security guards Tuesday evening and briefly occupied parts of the negotiating area, calling for an end to mining and logging in the Amazon, among other demands.

The clash symbolized a deeper tension at the heart of the U.N. climate summits. The people demanding change are often outside the gates while those with power inside are bound by rules that slow progress to a crawl.

UNFCCC officials said two people suffered minor injuries and that parts of the venue were temporarily closed for cleanup and security checks. The U.N. and local police are investigating the protests and the talks resumed on schedule Wednesday morning. 

On Instagram, a group calling itself Juventude Kokama OJIK posted a video of the Blue Zone occupation and called it an act against exclusion.

โ€œThey created an โ€˜exclusiveโ€™ space within a territory that has ALWAYS been Indigenous, and this violates our dignity,โ€ the group wrote. โ€œThe demonstration is to say that we will not accept being separated, limited, or prevented from circulating in our own land. The territory is ancestral, and the right to occupy this space is non-negotiable.โ€

The Tuesday tumult was a stark contrast to normal proceedings at the annual conference, where delegates with swinging lanyards and beeping phones usually file meekly through the metal detectors and past the espresso kiosks as if theyโ€™re heading to an office supply expo rather than negotiations to avert catastrophic climate collapse.

Somehow, that urgency rarely crept inside, partly because the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change runs the annual meetings like a corporate conference, said Danielle Falzon, a sociologist at Rutgers University whose research on the climate talks draws on dozens of interviews with negotiators and other participants from both developed and developing countries at most COPs since 2016. 

In the UNFCCC setting, she said, success is measured by how long you stay in the room, how polished your presentation is, how fluent you are in bureaucratic Englishโ€”and how well you can pretend that the world isnโ€™t burning outside.

โ€œIโ€™d like to go to the negotiations and see people taking seriously the urgency and the undeniability of the massive changes weโ€™re seeing,โ€ she said. โ€œIโ€™d like to see them break through the sterilized, shallow, diplomatic language and talk about climate change for what it actually is.โ€

For all its talk of unity, the climate summit has struggled to deliver because the talks mirror the global inequalities they are meant to fix, Falzon said. Based on her research, COP hasnโ€™t made much progress because it still fails to serve the countries that have contributed least to the problem but are suffering the most from it.

The negotiations, she said, are dominated by well-staffed teams from wealthy, developed nations that can afford to be everywhere at once. Smaller delegations from less-developed countries often canโ€™t even attend the dozens of overlapping meetings.

โ€œEveryone is exhausted but people from smaller delegations are just trying to keep up,โ€ she said. That exhaustion, she added, shapes the talks themselves: those with the most capacity set the pace and define the terms, while the rest simply try not to fall behind.

โ€œYou canโ€™t just pretend that all countries are equal in the negotiating space,โ€ she said.

The imbalance is built into the institution, she said. The U.N. climate process was designed to keep everyone at the table, not to shake it. That makes it resilient, but also resistant to change, and she said her multiyear study of the talks shows the system values consensus and procedure over outcomes and the appearance of progress over actual results. 

โ€œMuch of whatโ€™s called success at COP now is the creation of new texts, new work programs, rather than real climate action,โ€ she said. After 30 years of meetings, the pattern delivers new agendas, new acronyms and new promises that keep the gears grinding but rarely move the needle on emissions, she added.

Most people involved in the climate talks see the need for change, but Falzon said that institutions are built to preserve themselves.

How (Not) to Talk About Climate

Part of the paralysis Falzon describes stems from a reluctance to speak plainly about the emergency it exists to address, said Max Boykoff, a climate communications researcher at the University of Colorado Boulder.

โ€œThe problems associated with climate change were first framed as scientific issues all the way back in the 1980s, and that has become the dominant way we understand a changing climate,โ€ Boykoff said. โ€œBut that has crowded out other ways of knowing; emotional, experiential, aesthetic, or even just visceral ways of understanding that somethingโ€™s not right.โ€

The experts at COP โ€œtend to focus on what can be measured and reported, on outputs and deliverables, which shapes the negotiations themselves,โ€ he said. โ€œThe cadence of those encounters becomes ritualized to their detriment.โ€

A quick look at some of the daily notifications from COP30 displays what Boykoff describes, with invitations to a โ€œHigh-Level Ministerial on Multilevel Governanceโ€ or โ€œThe Launch of the Plan to Accelerate Multilevel Governance and the Operationalization of the Coalition for High Ambition Multilevel Partnerships.โ€ 

Such language, he said, reflects a culture that prizes precision and hierarchy over connection and clarity. Itโ€™s a diplomatic shorthand that signals professionalism while numbing urgency, and it narrows the space for creativity, emotion, or reflection, he added.

Boykoff said the only way to move beyond the rituals of repetition may be to break them. 

โ€œWhat we really need,โ€ he said, โ€œis to shake it up, to create spaces that let people reflect, feel, and engage in new ways. Because if we keep doing the same thing year after year, we shouldnโ€™t expect different results.โ€

Falzon said the technocratic UNFCCC language reflects the dominance at the talks of an โ€œold world hierarchy in which rich countries set the agenda, poor countries fight to be heard, and the system keeps reproducing the conditions itโ€™s supposed to fix. 

โ€œItโ€™s not just the negotiations that are unequal,โ€ she said. โ€œThe whole thing mirrors the inequalities of the world itโ€™s meant to change.โ€ 

President Trump picks Steve Pearce to run Bureau of Land Management: Also: Drill, baby, drill continues during shutdown; appropriately sited #solar — Jonathan P. Thompson (LandDesk.org)

Stone and evening light, Bears Ears National Monument, Utah. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

Click the link to read the article on The Land Desk website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

November 7, 2025

๐ŸŒต Public Lands ๐ŸŒฒ

The Trump administration has nominated Steve Pearce, a hard-right Republican and former congressman from New Mexico, to lead the Bureau of Land Management.ย Pearceโ€™s political career was infused with hostility toward public lands and the BLM, so, as one would expect for these guys, Trump chose him toย oversee those landsย and head up the same agency.

Pearce has opposed new national monument designations, is a fan of drilling public lands, has tried to weaken or eliminate the Endangered Species Act, lied about wolves in an effort to defund the Mexican wolf recovery program, received a 4% score from the League of Conservation Voters. โ€ฆย the list goes on.

A hat button expresses a sentiment common in parts of the rural West โ€” and among the folks the Trump administration picks to run the Bureau of Land Management. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

You may remember that Trumpโ€™s first pick to helm the BLM didnโ€™t work out so well. Soon after his inauguration, he nominated oil and gas lobbyist Kathleen Sgamma to fill the post and carry out his โ€œenergy dominanceโ€ agenda on public lands. But Sgamma pulled out after it was revealed that in the days following the Jan. 6, 2021, riots and invasion of the U.S. Capitol, Sgamma wrote that she was โ€œdisgusted by the violenceโ€ and โ€œPresident Trumpโ€™s role in spreading misinformation that incited it.โ€

Meanwhile, Trumpโ€™s first-term pick, William Perry Pendley, was never confirmed due to his checkered past, and was found to unlawfully be serving as acting director.

If confirmed, Pearce would probably be involved in determining whether the Trump administration will revoke a ban on new oil and gas leasing within 10 miles of Chaco Culture National Historical Parkโ€™s boundary. The Biden administration implemented the ban on the urging of Pueblo leaders to keep drilling away from the park and Chacoan-era Great Houses that surround it, but to which the national park protections do not extend.

The Navajo Nation initially supported the leasing moratorium, as well, but under the Buu Nygren administration reversed itself after allotment owners within the buffer zone protested, saying the ban would indirectly hamper drilling on their allotments and cut into their royalty income.

Project 2025, the extreme right-wingโ€™s playbook for the Trump administration, called for revoking the leasing moratorium, and doing so certainly fits with Trumpโ€™s โ€œenergy dominanceโ€ and โ€œdrill, baby, drillโ€ agenda. Late last month the Interior Department informed tribal leaders it was moving forward with and sought their input on possibly re-opening the land to the oil and gas industry.


Indigenous leaders call for oil and gas leasing reform — Jonathan P. Thompson


Meanwhile, the BLM is busy auctioning off oil and gas leases on public land in the Greater Chaco Region just outside the buffer zone around the park.

This week (yes, during the government shutdown), the agency leased about 3,100 acres of land to oil and gas companies in the San Juan Basin. This was regardless of multiple formal and informal protests opposing the lease sale, including ones from environmental groups, the Torreon/Star Lake Chapter of the Navajo Nation, and Sovereign Energy, a Pueblo women-led organization committed to advancing tribal energy sovereignty and protecting sacred landscapes.

โ€œThe BLMโ€™s continued approval of lease sales in and around the Ojo Encino, Torreon/Star Lake, and Counselor Chapters not only perpetuates harm to frontline communities,โ€ Sovereign Energy wrote, โ€œbut also demonstrates a systemic failure to uphold federal trust and treaty responsibilities. These lands are not vacant or disposable โ€” they are the living homelands of Indigenous peoples with profound cultural and ceremonial importance.โ€

One parcel received no bids, while the bidders on five others will pay just $10 to $12 per acre for the exclusive right to drill them. A seventh parcel, in Rio Arriba County, received a high bid of $501 per acre.

The agency is planning a June auction to lease a 160-acre parcel and a 671-acre parcel in the Greater Chaco Region. The larger tract is a few miles northeast of Lybrook and the other one is about seven miles southeast of Lybrook in piรฑon-juniper-strewn hills.

***

The federal government shutdown may be depriving thousands of workers of paychecks, imperiling food stamps and other benefits, and leading to delayed and cancelled flights nationwide, but it isnโ€™t stopping the Trump administration from implementing its โ€œdrill, baby, drillโ€ agenda.

The BLM has issued 628 drilling permits for federal lands since the shutdown began, according to the Center for Western Prioritiesโ€™ oil and gas tracker, including 530 in New Mexico, of which seven were issued by the Farmington Field Office for drilling in the San Juan Basin (the rest were for the much busier Permian Basin).

Rig counts remain relatively low, which indicates that oil and gas companies are snatching up as many drilling permits as they can while the getting is good, but may not use them anytime soon.


A Delta County hayfield (freshly cut in early November(!!!!), with the Garnet Mesa Solar Project in the background.

๐Ÿ”‹ย Notes from the Energy Transitionย ๐Ÿ”Œ

Parts of the agriculture-heavy Delta County in western Colorado could certainly be described as pastoral or idyllic, with the rows of vineyards and fruit orchards beautifully framing the West Elk and Ragged Mountains in the background. In summer (and even in November, this year), hay bales sit in freshly cut green fields and sparkling yellow and flame-orange cottonwoods rise up along stream and ditch banks. 

So when I heard a couple years back that the Delta County commissioners had put the kibosh on a proposed utility-scale solar project, in part because it would defile prime agricultural land and views, I was somewhat sympathetic. It would, indeed, be atrocious to wipe out a viable orchard to make way for a sea of solar panels. That said, I was a bit flabbergasted, too, since Delta County is normally pro-private property rights to a fault (I doubt theyโ€™d deny an industrial-scale feedlot or chicken farm or, for that matter, a coal mine), and because the region needs new, clean energy sources to replace and displace natural gas and coal generation. 

Eventually the county relented โ€” in part because the proponents agreed to design the project to allow for sheep grazing โ€” and approved the project. Now the Garnet Mesa solar project is complete. I went and checked it out last week, and it wasnโ€™t until I actually saw it that I understood where, exactly, it is โ€” and how my concerns about it wrecking idyllic farmland were misplaced.

Donโ€™t get me wrong: Garnet Mesa has a distinct, spare sort of beauty to it. Its wide-open spaces afford lovely views of Grand Mesa and the other mountains in the distance, and there is an occasional irrigated hayfield here and there (along with patches of the aforementioned cottonwoods). But the ash-gray soil has very high levels of selenium, making growing things difficult, and the whole area has long been a sort of sacrifice zone and dumping place for dilapidated single-wides, old cars, and various other detritus. 

It is the kind of place, in other words, that a developer might expect to be able to put up a solar project โ€” even a really big one โ€” without much resistance, especially on private land that hadnโ€™t been in agriculture for years, if ever. But these days it seems that thereโ€™s a sort of knee-jerk opposition to almost any solar development, large or small, on relatively undisturbed public lands or long-abused private lands. And thatโ€™s really too bad.


Meditations on solar, Joshua trees, and the movement to kill clean energy — Jonathan P. Thompson


Certainly developers, even of โ€œclean energy,โ€ should not be given carte blanche to build wherever they see fit. And they absolutely should look to brownfields, industrial rooftops, parking lots, and other already-developed areas to put their energy installations, first. But the fact is, weโ€™re never going to be able to generate enough clean energy to displace coal and natural gas without some utility-scale installations on land that isnโ€™t a rooftop or a parking lot. 

Admittedly, the Garnet Mesa project is striking looking, and I have to agree with a friendโ€™s description of it as โ€œtotally industrial.โ€ But itโ€™s also got its own aesthetic appeal to it, it doesnโ€™t mar the long-distance vistas, and the fact that those panels are generating enough power to electrify some 18,000 homes without burning or emitting anything is super cool, if you ask me.

Garnet Mesa solar project. Photo credit: Jonathan P. Thompson

๐Ÿ“– Reading (and watching) Room ๐Ÿง
  • Krista Langlois has a nice and heartbreakingย piece inย High Country Newsย reflecting on the ICE raids in Durango, the subsequent protests, and the violent response to the protesters.ย 
  • Jerry Redfern continues hisย strong reportingย forย Capital & Mainย on oil and gas industry misdeeds in New Mexicoโ€™s San Juan Basin with a story about the Hodgson ranching family that is butting heads with Hilcorp Energy. The Hodgsons used to have a decent working relationship with the oil companies, but when Hilcorp moved in and acquired ConocoPhillipsโ€™ assets, things went downhill. Now, the Hodgsons โ€” along with their neighborsย Don and Jane Schreiberย โ€” are pushing back and trying to get Hilcorp to clean up their act. It isnโ€™t an easy row to hoe by any means.
  • NM LAWS coalition is hosting a screening of Annie Ersinghausโ€™s new documentary,ย The Land of Sacrifice: The Burden of New Mexicoโ€™s Oil and Gas Extractionย on Nov. 22, from 5 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. at the Totah Theater in Farmington. After the film, there will be a Q&A with a panel of local experts and advocates. Check out the trailer below.
  • I just finished watchingย The Lowdown,ย Sterlin Harjoโ€™sย new tv series, and I gotta say: Itโ€™s really damned good. I highly recommend it.

โ›๏ธ Mining Monitor โ›๏ธ

I recently joined Kate Groetzinger and Aaron Weiss of Center for Western Priorities to talk uranium mining and the so-called nuclear renaissance. You can listen to our discussion here or, if you donโ€™t mind looking at my made-for-radio mug, you can watch it by clicking on the image below.

๐Ÿ“ธ Parting Shot  ๐ŸŽž๏ธ
A climber enjoys an unusually warm late-October day in Unaweep Canyon. Jonathan P. Thompson photo.

โ€˜Burning Moneyโ€™: Dept. of Energy Directs $100 Million to Modernize Declining Coal Plants

Craig station. Photo credit: Allen Best/Big Pivots

The funding represents Trumpโ€™s latest attempt at coal revitalization, but updating the nationโ€™s aging facilities would cost billions, experts say.

By Anika Jane Beamer

November 3, 2025

This article originally appeared on Inside Climate News, a nonprofit, non-partisan news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for their newsletter here.

The U.S. Department of Energy has announced up to $100 million in federal funding for projects modernizing the nationโ€™s remaining coal plants, nearly half of which were slated to close by 2030. 

The investment, a fraction of what would be needed for a comprehensive upgrade, is unlikely to make coal power more affordable, energy experts and anti-coal advocates say.

On Friday, U.S. Secretary of Energy Chris Wright issued the Notice of Funding Opportunity, calling for applications to design, implement, or test refurbishments and retrofit systems that allow coal plants to โ€œoperate more efficiently, reliably, and affordably.โ€ 

The announcement outlined three key areas for development projects: advanced wastewater management systems, systems that enable plants to switch between coal and natural gas, and advanced โ€œco-firingโ€ systems that allow simultaneous combustion of both fuel types.

The funding comes just a month after the department announced $625 million to โ€œexpand and reinvigorateโ€ Americaโ€™s coal industry. 

That investment already included $350 million to recommission closed coal power plants or modernize plants and $100 million for the three development areas outlined in Fridayโ€™s announcement. The DOE did not respond to questions about why additional funds were announced just a month later.

Trumpโ€™s investments in coal are a drop in the bucket of what would realistically be needed to revamp the plants, said Michelle Solomon, a manager in the electricity program at Energy Innovation, a nonpartisan energy and climate policy research firm based in San Francisco.

โ€œThose types of retrofits for a single plant can cost hundreds of millions of dollars,โ€ said Solomon. โ€œTo do that for every plant in the coal fleet, youโ€™re looking at billions of dollars. And youโ€™d be putting those billions of dollars into clunkers. Literally burning that money.โ€

In April, following Trumpโ€™s โ€œBeautiful Clean Coalโ€ executive order, the Department of Energy rolled out a series of actions intended to reinvigorate American coal production. The department reinstated the National Coal Council as a federal advisory committee, offered long-term financing for coal infrastructure, designated coal as a critical material and mineral and ended a moratorium prohibiting new coal mining leases on federal land.

โ€œYouโ€™d be putting those billions of dollars into clunkers. Literally burning that money.โ€โ€” Michelle Solomon, Energy Innovation

Last weekโ€™s funding announcement advances Trumpโ€™s commitment to restore U.S. energy dominance, the official press release read. 

โ€œFor years, the Biden and Obama administrations relentlessly targeted Americaโ€™s coal industry and workers, resulting in the closure of reliable power plants and higher electricity costs,โ€ U.S. Secretary of Energy Chris Wright said in the report. โ€œThankfully, President Trump has ended the war on American coal and is restoring common sense energy policies that put Americans first.โ€

Yet Trumpโ€™s attempt to save coal from the brink is unlikely to succeed.

In 2001, coal made up half of the electricity generated by utility-scale facilities in the United States. Today, it accounts for less than a fifth of generated power; the decline reflects the changing energy landscape.

The decline of coal energy is due to rising coal prices and the proven cost-effectiveness of alternative energy sources, including solar, wind and natural gas, said Solomon. 

Analysis by Energy Innovation found that coal prices increased 28 percent between 2021 and 2024, while inflation rose only 16 percent in that time.

At 99 percent of U.S. coal plantsโ€”209 out of 210โ€”it would be cheaper to replace energy with new wind and solar than to keep them operating, a 2023 Energy Innovation analysis found.

The Sierra Club has led the charge to close power plants in the U.S. through their decades-long โ€œBeyond Coalโ€ campaign. The new coal funding is โ€œjust the latest Trump administration action that harms people and the planet,โ€ Sierra Club climate policy director Patrick Drupp wrote in a statement to Inside Climate News.

โ€œTheir pro fossil fuel agenda is intent on keeping deadly and expensive coal plants alive while Americans foot the bill and suffer the public health damage,โ€ Drupp added.

Trumpโ€™s emergency orders to keep operating multiple coal plants slated for retirement have cost ratepayers tens of millions of dollars in the last year alone.

A 90-day emergency order requiring continued operation of Consumers Energyโ€™s J.H. Campbell coal plant in Michigan has generated an additional $80 million in costs since May. The company has said that it will seek payment from ratepayers across the Midwest, in accordance with the cost-collection process set by the U.S. Department of Energy.

Trump has repeatedly argued that coal is critical to improving the reliability of the American energy grid amid surging power demand. But the reliability of coal plants may be overstated.

Between 2013 and 2024, forced-outage rates (excluding planned outages for maintenance) for coal exceeded those for other major sources of electricity, including gas, nuclear and hydroelectric power, according to a report by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation.

Most coal plants in the U.S. were built before 1990. Keeping those plants running as they age requires more and more money, leading utilities to schedule retirement dates for nearly half of all plants.

Solomon uses the analogy of car ownership to explain the decline of coal energy in the U.S. โ€œIf you have a car that has 250,000 miles on it, very little is going to bring that car back to new,โ€ she said. โ€œYou can only do so much when the infrastructure is that old.โ€

Correction: This story was updated Nov. 4, 2025, to reflect that inflation rose 16%, not 6%, between 2021 and 2024, according to Energy Innovationโ€™s analysis.

Michael Mann to Bill Gates: You canโ€™t reboot the planet if you crash it — Bulletin of Atomic Scientists

Bill Gates poses with Rick Perry in 2019, during Perry’s tenure as Secretary of Energy under the first Trump administration. (Public Domain)

Click the link to read the article on the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists website (Michael Mann):

October 31, 2025

โ€œI suppose it is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail.โ€ Thus wrote the famous psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1966.

If Maslow were around today, I imagine he might endorse the corollary that if your only tool is technology, every problem appears to have a technofix. And thatโ€™s an apt characterization of the โ€œtech broโ€-centered thinking so prevalent today in public environmental discourse.

There is no better example than Bill Gates, who just this week redefined the concept of bad timing with the release of a 17-page memo intended to influence the proceedings at the upcoming COP30 international climate summit in Brazil. The memo dismissed the seriousness of the climate crisis just as (quite possibly) the most powerful Atlantic hurricane in human historyโ€”climate-fueled Melissaโ€”struck Jamaica with catastrophic impact. The very next day a major new climate report (disclaimer: I was a co-author) entitled โ€œa planet on the brinkโ€ was published. The report received far less press coverage than the Gates missive. The legacy media is apparently more interested in the climate musings of an erstwhile PC mogul than a sober assessment by the worldโ€™s leading climate scientists.

Gates became a household name in the 1990s as the Microsoft CEO who delivered the Windows operating system. (I must confess, I was a Mac guy). Microsoft was notorious for releasing software mired with security vulnerabilities. Critics argued that Gates was prioritizing the premature release of features and profit over security and reliability. His response to the latest worm or virus crashing your PC and compromising your personal data? โ€œHey, weโ€™ve got a patch for that!โ€

Thatโ€™s the very same approach Gates has taken with the climate crisis. His venture capital group, Breakthrough Energy Ventures, invests in fossil fuel-based infrastructure (like natural gas with carbon capture and enhanced oil recovery), while Gates downplays the role of clean energy and rapid decarbonization. Instead, he favors hypothetical new energy tech, including โ€œmodular nuclear reactorsโ€ that couldnโ€™t possibly be scaled up over the time frame in which the world must transition off fossil fuels.

Most troublingly, Gates has peddled a planetary โ€œpatchโ€ for the climate crisis. He has financed for-profit schemes to implement geoengineering interventions that involve spraying massive amounts of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere to block out sunlight and cool the planet. What could possibly go wrong? And hey, if we screw up this planet, weโ€™ll just geoengineer Mars. Right Elon?

Such technofixes for the climate, in fact, lead us down a dangerous road, both because they displace far safer and more reliable optionsโ€”namely the clean energy transitionโ€”and because they provide an excuse for business-as-usual burning of fossil fuels. Why decarbonize, after all, if we can just solve the problem with a โ€œpatchโ€ later?

Hereโ€™s the thing, Bill Gates: There is no โ€œpatchโ€ for the climate crisis. And there is no way to reboot the planet if you crash it. The only safe and reliable way out when you find yourself in a climate hole is to stop diggingโ€”and burningโ€”fossil fuels. [ed. emphasis mine]

Itย was arguablyย Gates whoโ€”at least in partโ€”inspired the tech-bro villain Peter Isherwell in the Adam McKay film โ€œDonโ€™t Look Up.โ€ The premise of the film is that a giant โ€œcometโ€ (a very thinly veiled metaphor for the climate crisis) is hurtling toward Earth as politicians fail to act. So they turn to Isherwell who insists he has proprietary tech (a metaphor for geoengineering, again thinly veiled) that can save the day: space drones developed by his corporation that will break the comet apart. Coincidentally, the drones are designed to then mine the comet fragments for trillions of dollarsโ€™ worth of rare metals, that all go to Isherwell and his corporation. If you havenโ€™t seen the film (which Iย highly recommend), Iโ€™ll let you imagine how it all works out.

For those who have been following Gates on climate for some time, his so-called sudden โ€œpivotโ€ isnโ€™t really a โ€œpivotโ€ at all. Itโ€™s a logical consequence of the misguided path heโ€™s been headed down for well over a decade.

I became concerned about Gatesโ€™ framing of the climate crisis nearly a decade ago when a journalist reached out to me, asking me to comment on his supposed โ€œdiscoveryโ€ of a formula for predicting carbon emissions. (The formula is really an โ€œidentityโ€ that involves expressing carbon emissions as a product of terms related to population, economic growth, energy efficiency, and fossil fuel dependence). I noted, with some amusement, that the mathematical relationship Gates had โ€œdiscoveredโ€ was so widely known it had a name, the โ€œKaya identity,โ€ after the energy economist Yลichi Kaya who presented the relationship in a textbook nearly three decades ago. Itโ€™s familiar not just to climate scientists in the field but to college students taking an introductory course on climate change.

If this seems like a gratuitous critique, it is not. It speaks to a concerning degree of arrogance. Did Gates really think that something as conceptually basic as decomposing carbon emissions into a product of constituent terms had never been attempted before? That heโ€™s so brilliant that anything he thinks up must be a novel discovery?

I reserved my criticism of Gates, at the time, not for his rediscovery of the Kaya identity (heyโ€”if can help his readers understand it, thatโ€™s great) but for declaring that it somehow implies that โ€œwe need an energy miracleโ€ to get to zero carbon emissions. It doesnโ€™t. I explained that Gates โ€œdoes an injustice to the very dramatic inroads that renewable energy and energy efficiency are making,โ€ noting peer-reviewed studies by leading experts that provide โ€œvery credible outlines for how we could reach a 100 percent noncarbon energy generation by 2050.โ€

The so-called โ€œmiracleโ€ he speaks of existsโ€”itโ€™s called the sun, and wind, and geothermal, and energy storage technology. Real world solutions exist now and are easily scalable with the right investments and priorities. The obstacles arenโ€™t technological. Theyโ€™re political.

Gatesโ€™ dismissiveness in this case wasnโ€™t a one-off. It was part of a consistent pattern of downplaying clean energy while promoting dubious and potentially dangerous technofixes in which he is often personally invested. When I had the chance to question him about this directly (The Guardian asked me to contribute to a list of questions they were planning on asking him in an interview a few years ago), his response was evasive and misleading. He insisted that there is a โ€œpremiumโ€ paid for clean energy buildout when in fact it has a lower levelized cost than fossil fuels or nuclear and deflected the questions with ad hominem swipes. (โ€œHe [Mann] actually does very good work on climate change. So I donโ€™t understand why heโ€™s acting like heโ€™s anti-innovation.โ€)

This all provides us some context for evaluating Gatesโ€™ latest missive, which plays like a game of climate change-diminishing bingo, drawing upon nearly every one of the tropes embraced by professional climate disinformers like self-styled โ€œSkeptical Environmentalistโ€ Bjorn Lomborg. (Incidentally, Lomborgโ€™s center has received millions of dollars of funding from the Gates Foundation in recent years and Lomborg recently acknowledged serving as an adviser to Gates on climate issues.)

Among the classic Lomborgian myths promoted in Gatesโ€™ new screed, which Iโ€™ll paraphrase here, is the old standby that โ€œclean energy is too expensive.โ€ (Gates likes to emphasize a few difficult-to-decarbonize sectors like steel or air travel as a distraction from the fact that most of our energy infrastructure can readily be decarbonized now.) He also insists that โ€œwe can just adapt,โ€ although in the absence of concerted action, warming could plausibly push us past the limit of our adaptive capacity as a species.

He argues that โ€œefforts to fight climate change detract from efforts to address human health threats.โ€ (A central point of my new book Science Under Siegewith public health scientist Peter Hotez is that climate and human health are inseparable, with climate change fueling the spread of deadly disease). Then there is his assertion that โ€œthe poor and downtrodden have more pressing concernsโ€ when, actually, it is just the opposite; the poor and downtrodden are the most threatened by climate change because they have the least wealth and resilience.

What Gates is putting forward arenโ€™t legitimate arguments that can be made in good faith. They are shopworn fossil fuel industry talking points. Being found parroting them is every bit as embarrassing as being caughtโ€”metaphorically speakingโ€”with your pants down.

For years when I would criticize Gates for what I consider to be his misguided take on climate, colleagues would say, โ€œyou just donโ€™t understand what Gates is saying!โ€ Now, with Donald Trump and the right-wing Murdoch media machine (the Wall Street Journal editorial board and now an op-ed by none other than Lomborg himself in the New York Post) celebrating Gatesโ€™ new missive, I can confidently turn around and say, โ€œNo, you didnโ€™t understand what he was saying.โ€

Maybeโ€”just maybeโ€”weโ€™ve learned an important lesson here: The solution to the climate crisis isnโ€™t going to come from the fairy-dust-sprinkled flying unicorns that are the โ€œbenevolent plutocrats.โ€ They donโ€™t exist. The solution is going to have to come from everyone else, using every tool at our disposal to push back against an ecocidal agenda driven by plutocrats, polluters, petrostates, propagandists, and too often now, the press. [ed. emphasis mine]

This graph shows the globally averaged monthly mean carbon dioxide abundance measured at the Global Monitoring Laboratoryโ€™s global network of air sampling sites since 1980. Data are still preliminary, pending recalibrations of reference gases and other quality control checks. Credit: NOAA GML

The nationโ€™s energy dominance falters: President Trump is killing clean energy, and itโ€™s not even helping fossil fuels — Jonathan P. Thompson (High Country News) #renewable

Welcome to the Landline, a monthly newsletter from High Country News about land, water, wildlife, climate and conservation in the Western United States. Sign up to get it in your inbox. Screenshot from the High Country News website.

Click the link to read the article on the High County News website (Jonathan P. Thompson):

October 30, 2025

Amid all of Donald Trumpโ€™s haphazard policymaking and chaos-mongering, one part of his agenda has remained remarkably consistent throughout both terms: the quest for something he calls โ€œenergy dominance.โ€ While Trump probably thinks he coined the concept, only the name is new; itโ€™s really merely a macho rebranding of what was traditionally known as โ€œenergy independence,โ€ the desire to produce the nationโ€™s energy domestically rather than import it from potential adversaries. The yearning for energy independence became a focus back during the Nixon era, when geopolitical tensions sparked overlapping energy crises. Ever since, itโ€™s been pursued by every administration, both Democratic and Republican.

So, yes, even cardigan-wearing, thermostat-adjusting Jimmy Carter was an energy dominance guy, maybe even the most successful one. Same goes for Presidents Obama and Biden. What distinguishes Trump โ€” despite all of his regulatory rollbacks, his โ€œDrill, Baby, Drillโ€ and โ€œMine, Baby, Mineโ€ and โ€œBeautiful Clean Coalโ€ rhetoric and various โ€œemergencyโ€ orders โ€” is that his push for dominance has not only been ineffective, it has actually served toย weakenย the domestic energy industry and has even diminished its ability to produce the power needed to keep modern society running.

If Trump really cared about energy dominance, independence or abundance, he would use all of the tools at his disposal to โ€œwinโ€ this war. Even an energy warrior who didnโ€™t give a hoot about pollution or the climate would insist on keeping the fastest-growing energy sources โ€” wind and solar with battery backup โ€” in the nationโ€™s arsenal, along with nuclear, geothermal, hydropower and natural gas, simply for practical reasons, relying on what previous administrations have called an โ€œall-of-the-aboveโ€ approach.

Instead, Trump has essentially discarded the most promising and effective energy technologies by eliminating federal tax credits for wind power and both rooftop and utility-scale solar, shuttering new wind projects on federal land and in federal waters, subjecting proposed utility-scale solar on federal land to additional scrutiny and red tape, and canceling the Solar for All program that aimed to bring clean energy and energy self-reliance to lower-income families. More recently, the administration clawed back over $7 billion in Biden-era funding for clean energy and grid-reliability projects, many of which were in Western states and all of which came from states that favored Kamala Harris over Trump in the 2024 election.

Meanwhile, Trumpโ€™s administration is trying to prop up the decrepit and rusty weapons of old, i.e. fossil fuels, and putting them on the front lines in the apparent hope that they donโ€™t crumble away before his term ends.

The administration plans to fork out about $625 million in subsidies in hopes of revitalizing the flagging coal industry and has rolled back myriad regulations (also a form of subsidy) on coal-fired power plants. It has also opened 13 million acres of public land across the West to new coal leasing and overturned Biden-era bans on new leasing in the Powder River Basin in Wyoming and Montana. At the same time, it has inexplicably canceled funding for carbon capture projects aimed at prolonging nearby coal plantsโ€™ lives.

Trump is clearly not looking to achieve energy dominance, but rather to exercise his countless grievances and realize some historical fantasy โ€” while, of course, helping fossil fuel executives rake in a few more bucks while they still can. Itโ€™s a sort of qualified bid for coal and oil dominance, so long as it benefits red-leaning states.

But so far, even thatโ€™s not going too well.

Earlier this month, the Bureau of Land Management held its first coal lease sale in over a decade on public land in the Powder River Basin. There was only one would-be buyer, the Navajo Transitional Energy Company, which bid just $186,000 for a tract containing about 167 million tons of coal โ€” meaning about one-tenth of one cent per ton. Thatโ€™s in contrast to sales in 2012 that brought in over $1 per ton. The feds rejected the bid on the grounds that it didnโ€™t comply with the Mineral Leasing Act since it didnโ€™t fetch fair market value. The Interior Department promptly canceled another sale in the Powder River Basin for 441 million tons of coal just days before it was scheduled to take place. And a third sale, this one on public lands in southwestern Utah, attracted only one low bid as well; and it, too, was rejected.

One of the generating units at the power plant at Kemmerer, Wyo., is being shut down this year [2017] to reduce emissions that are causing regional haze. 2009 photo/Allen Best

And just days after the administration announced its plans to pour taxpayersโ€™ cash into the coal industry, PacifiCorp, the largest grid operator in the Western U.S., doubled down on its plans to convert its Naughton coal plant in Wyoming to run on natural gas. Idaho Power actually proposed a rate decrease for its customers after it cut costs by shutting down a unit at a Nevada coal plant. Meanwhile, no utility anywhere has seriously proposed building any new coal plants, mainly because it is simply an obsolete, expensive and dirty technology.

The presidentโ€™s continual desire to โ€œDrill, Baby, Drillโ€ is experiencing a failure to launch, as well. The BLM has handed out drilling permits like Shriners throwing candy to the crowd at a parade, continuing to do so at an alarming rate despite the government shutdown. During the first six months of Trumpโ€™s term, the administration issued 2,660 permits to drill on public lands โ€” about 524 per month. That eclipses Bidenโ€™s biggest year of 2023, when he issued 317 per month and garnered the disdain of climate activists.

And yet, drill rig counts, the most accurate indicator of the industryโ€™s enthusiasm and a good barometer of future crude oil and natural gas production levels, have remained stagnant during Trumpโ€™s term. In fact, theyโ€™re significantly lower than they were a year ago, shortly before Trump was elected. Thatโ€™s due in part to low oil prices, which is something Trump has pushed for (and maybe prodded Saudi Arabia and other OPEC members to encourage by increasing their own oilfield pumping), but also because Trumpโ€™s disorderly trade wars are sowing confusion, while his tariffs on steel and aluminum are raising costs for drillers.

The most recent Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas survey of oil and gas executives revealed how poorly Trumpโ€™s policies are playing out in the oilfields. Most of the executives surveyed said that Trumpโ€™s regulatory rollbacks and federal royalty reductions would bring down their โ€œbreak-evenโ€ costs only slightly, and that they would not appreciably increase production.

Generally speaking, optimism is in short supply in the oilpatch these days.

โ€œItโ€™s going to be a bleak three-plus years for the oilpatch,โ€ one executive said, in a survey that was designed to be anonymous to encourage a candid response. Another noted: โ€œAfter Liberation Day, we cut our drilling budget in half from 10 wells to five wells.โ€

And yet another declared, โ€œWe have begun the twilight of shale. Several multibillion-dollar firms that have previously been U.S.-onshore-only are making investments in foreign countries and riskier (waterborne) geologies.โ€ They went on to question what will happen to the hundreds of thousands of abandoned and orphaned wells when the drilling boom ends, noting, โ€œSociety will not treat us kindly unless we do our part to clean up after we are gone.โ€

Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge coastal plain, looking south toward the Brooks Range. By U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service – images.fws.gov (image description page), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5787251

Last week, the Trump administration moved to reopen 1.56 million acres on the Arctic National Wildlife Refugeโ€™s coastal plain to oil and gas leasing, just as he did in 2017 at the outset of his first term. The first lease sale in the refuge was held in 2021, just days before Biden was inaugurated, but it attracted only low bids โ€” none from major oil companies โ€” with most of the leases going to an Alaska state agency. Another auction in January 2025 drew no bids at all. The industry simply isnโ€™t all that interested.

Just as Bidenโ€™s heightened regulations on oil and gas drilling didnโ€™t slow drilling or production, Trumpโ€™s determined deregulation is unlikely to speed it up. Nor will his hostility toward solar and wind kill their momentum: Firms are bringing utility-scale projects online at a rapid rate and financing new proposals despite the lack of federal incentives. Federal policies can serve to mitigate energy developmentโ€™s impacts or perhaps bolster the companiesโ€™ profits somewhat, but they are only one of many factors that influence how much and at what rate development occurs. All the political rhetoric in the world wonโ€™t help; so-called energy dominance simply cannot be willed โ€” or forced โ€” into existence.

Whatโ€™s the โ€˜hub-bubโ€™ about at the #Colorado State University Spur campus? — Allen Best (BigPivots.com

CSU Spur at dusk October 14, 2025. Photo credit: Allen Best/Big Pivots

Click the link to read the article on the Big Pivots website (Allen Best):

October 17, 2025

We heard about Coloradoโ€™s warming but uncertain climate. We heard about research projects. But what exactly is this new Climate Hub all about?

Colorado State University has created a Climate Hub that is to be based at its Spur campus in the heart of what used to be industrial Denver. This is on the grounds of the National Western Complex.

This is north of downtown Denver, near Coloradoโ€™s transportation hub: the intersection of Interstates 70 and I-25. When I first visited the National Western, no interstate highways existed anywhere. That dates me. I can vaguely remember my grandfather, a farmer/rancher from northeastern Colorado, boosting me up atop a fence to see all the cattle. I suspect that some were his.

The cattle have all disappeared except during the Stock Show each January. You can still smell a bit of manure, though, when walking from the parking lot to the Hydro Building, one of four major and architecturally interesting buildings erected on this new campus so far. A certain amount of research goes on at this campus. A correspondent from Gardner, a hamlet in south-central Colorado, mentioned that he had just mailed water and soil samples that he needed tested to the laboratory in the Hydro Building. Denver Water operates its lab there.

As for this event, I suspect it would fall under the label of โ€œmarketing.โ€ I was there for the full two hours of presentations and heard much that was interesting but left without understanding exactly what was new.

CSU undeniably has its fingers in what the Climate Hub, at its website, calls โ€œa defining challenge of our time.โ€

Russ Schumacher, the state climatologist, a professor at CSU, was an obvious choice for leading off a program like this. He recapped the climate report issued in 2024: We have already warmed an average 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit, he said. The 10 warmest years in Coloradoโ€™s recorded history going back to the 1870s have been in the 21st century. Last year was the fourth warmest, but this year, not as warm โ€” but still in the top 20 on record.

And much more warming is in store, between 1 and 4 degrees Fahrenheit by 2050, given current emissions trajectories.

โ€œPrecipitation is more complicated,โ€ he explained. โ€œIf you look at long-term trends, it hits hard, too, but you see a lot of ups and downs.โ€

Flooding will worsen, as will wildfires. We can also expect more heat waves and droughts.

Oh yummy. Somebody other than Russ, with his happy persona, could leave you very depressed.

The Climate Hub โ€œexplainerโ€ meeting on Oct. 14 on the CSU Spur campus. Photo credit: Allen Best/Big Pivots

But then, thatโ€™s the story at CSU. They are figuring out solutions. Debby-downer is not the vibe.

For example, there was no talk of converting the world into vegetarians. Instead, Dr. Sara Place, who is an associate professor of feedlot systems (yes, Iโ€™m not making this up), talked about the effort to reduce the methane from the burping of cattle. Itโ€™s burps, not farts, that produce this significant component of our greenhouse problem. They constitute 3.1% of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions.

The takeaway static from the cows-burping presentation was that 80% of the methane emissions come from cattle grazing on grass, not cattle chowing down in feedlots as they fatten up for the conveyor belt to the butchery. And yes, solutions are being devised, although I am at a loss to explain any of this.

Somewhat similarly, we got a peek at the research that has been underway at CSU now for a number of years to tighten up the methane emissions leaking from our โ€œnaturalโ€ gas infrastructure. โ€œYou canโ€™t manage what you donโ€™t measure,โ€ said Dr. Dan Zimmerle.

And still other research, some of it global in scale, is underway, a bit difficult to summarize in something less than, well, maybe a 10,000-word tome. And some of it very Colorado-centric. One presenter asked if any of those in the room had been to Sterling? To Eads? (These are towns in eastern Colorado). My hand was only among a few raised in the room.

This was all part of an explanation about a new concept called digital twins. They can observe what is happening in the field from laboratories.

Surprising, though, was a tag-team effort to peel us back from the narrow confines of what we think we know to imagine possible futures. It was a marked departure from the usual conveyor belt of facts and exhortations at climate meetings.

Courtney Schultz, director of the CSU Climate Initiative, quoted an author, Jim Dater, who had said that the future cannot be predicted. The only useful ideas about the future should (at first) appear to be ridiculous.

Only later did I think about science itself. Some of the big ideas, such as plate tectonics, were originally seen as ludicrous, to be laughed out of the room.

We were asked by Lynn Badia, a professor of English, to engage in what she called speculative storytelling.

We were quickly induced to exercise some of this outside-our-boxes imagining. Canโ€™t say that anything I imagined for Olde Town Arvada in 2050 was all that imaginative. High(er) rises? Fewer blue skies. The next round, I got a little more adventurous: glasses that you could wear that would allow you to see the essence of the person you were looking at.

Again, only later, did I ponder smart phones. Twenty-five years ago could I see people wandering down sidewalks, sauntering across streets, seemingly mindless of traffic or, for that matter, anything else around them, their faces scrunched close to little boxes in their hands? We call them smart phones, and sometimes I seem them in droves โ€” and just down the street.

โ€œHave you exaggerated the possible changes to the point of absurdity?โ€ Badia asked us.

It was fun. I am so accustomed to trying to verify facts, not to imagine the future.

Others in attendance that I consulted afterward echoed my read on the event. CSU wants to make its presence better known and the willingness to work with the private sector. That already exists with the methane-testing center. Zimmerle said they were working with many oil and gas companies trying to respond to increasing regulation by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. A member of the Climate Central team talked about providing help to Fort Collins Utilities.

One individual pointed to two themes: (a) the value of collecting, analyzing and making available substantive data; and (b) a growing partnership between universities and the private sector, filling in the new gap caused by the termination of the federal government as a research partner.

You can also see that at the CSU Climate Hub website in its statement that it โ€œpartners with diverse groups to co-create impactful solutions.โ€

The Legacy building, which is located across the street from the Hydro and Terrra buildings on the CSU Spur campus in Denver, appears to be ready for imminent occupancy. Photo credit: Allen Best/Big Pivots

As we left the Hydro building, I paused to study the latest edifice โ€” a word I use with deliberation โ€” that is soon to be available for public occupation. Just down the street, though, were train cars, perhaps containing crude oil. Who knows.

When I first moved from the mountains to Denver in 1998, I remember the vacant field west of the train tracks at Union Station. Nothing there. A place of homeless people, maybe. Now? The folks from Aspen and Vail have built luxury real estate. Some of the units overlook the train tracks that to this day are used by coal trains exporting carbon from the coal pits of Wyoming to distant power plants.

I could not then imagine the scene observable today at Union Station. Frankly, it has been very hard for some people to imagine the end of the fossil fuel era. But I may live long enough to see the end of those coal trains. I can imagine that.